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CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE PURIFICATION OF FURFURAL DERIVATIVES

A liquid chromatography process for the purification of furfural derivative(s), comprising: a. Introducing a feed mixture comprising at least one furfural derivative and other compounds onto a chromatographic bed comprising a silicate-based material as stationary phase, and b. Flushing a liquid comprising an organic acid as mobile phase through the chromatographic bed producing an eluate comprising at least one fraction enriched in at least one furfural derivative and at least one fraction enriched in the other compounds.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Simple exploration of (cis-Tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyl)dimethanol

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DOSY Plus Selective TOCSY: An Efficient NMR Combination for Analyzing Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis Mixtures of Biomass-Derived Platform Compounds

Analyzing the mixtures obtained from hydrogenation or hydrogenolysis reactions of biomass-derived platform chemicals is challenging work. With the development and improvement of NMR techniques, the NMR spectrometer proves to be an alternative and highly efficient piece of equipment for the rapid analysis of complex mixtures without the need for tedious purification. Herein, diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) is applied in analyzing four model mixtures, which consist of the reactants and products from hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions of biomass-derived platform chemicals. The results show that the DOSY technique can pseudoseparate most components in the model mixtures. The 1D selective gradient TOCSY technique is used as a supporting tool in the cases where the DOSY technique cannot clearly distinguish between the components of the mixtures. This is generally a problem when components in the mixture have very similar diffusion coefficients or severe overlap of peaks. The results show that DOSY and 1D selective gradient TOCSY techniques make a strong combination for complex mixture analyses.

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Reference£º
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

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Switchable synthesis of 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2,5-dihydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over Raney Ni catalyst

Raney-type metals (Cu, Co and Ni) were employed to catalyze hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Switchable synthesis of 2,5-dimethylfuran and 2,5-dihydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran was achieved with 96% and 88.5% yield respectively over Raney Ni, demonstrating high feasibility for industrialization. The excellent yields can be explained by the fact that Raney Ni facilitates the hydrogenation reaction but has limited deoxygenation ability at low temperature, while high temperature promotes the deoxygenation step. The reaction pathway was analyzed by time course experiments and HMF hydrogenation over model catalysts was performed. The reaction mechanism related to the respective catalytic sites was discussed and proposed, which has great implications in the design of efficient and non-noble metal catalysts.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

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Mechanistic study of a one-step catalytic conversion of fructose to 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran

Carbohydrates, such as fructose, can be fully dehydroxylated to 2,5-dimethyltetrahydrofuran (DMTHF), a valuable chemical and potential gasoline substitute, by the use of a dual catalytic system consisting of HI and RhX 3 (X=Cl, I). A mechanistic study has been carried out to understand the roles that both acid and metal play in the reaction. HI serves a two-fold purpose: HI acts as a dehydration agent (loss of 3 H2O) in the initial step of the reaction, and as a reducing agent for the conjugated carbinol group in a subsequent step. I2 is formed in the reduction step and metal-catalyzed hydrogenation reforms HI. The rhodium catalyst, in addition to catalyzing the reaction of iodine with hydrogen, functions as a hydrogenation catalyst for C=O and C=C bonds. A general mechanistic scheme for the overall reaction is proposed based on identification of intermediates, independent reactions of the intermediates, and deuterium labeling studies. Copyright

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

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Solvothermal hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxymethylfurfural derived from biomass towards added value chemicals on Ni/TiO2 catalysts

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant renewable source of commodity chemicals like hydroxymethylfurfural. Solvothermal hydrodeoxygenation of hydroxymethylfurfural towards value added chemicals was performed with a series of nickel based catalysts supported on different titania materials, ie. hydrothermally-prepared high aspect ratio and commercial TiO2 with different morphologies and crystallographic structures. The kind of titania strongly influenced the properties of the supported nickel nanoparticles, which allowed to tune the reaction selectivity towards specific products. Rutile-containing titania forced stronger Ni-Ti interaction, enhanced hydrogen adsorption, and formed larger Ni particles which resulted in high activity. Hydrothermally-prepared materials allowed to obtain selectively 2,5-bishydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (biopolymer precursor) due a relatively small surface acidity and large Ni particles. By contrast, large surface area anatase with small nickel particles and small surface acidity allowed to selectively obtain 2,5-dimethylfuran (biofuel additive).

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Discovery of (cis-Tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyl)dimethanol

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Catalysis’s role in bioproducts update

The goal for catalyst development, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, using bio-based feedstocks is designing new and robust materials for the dehydration, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, hydrogenolysis, esterification, and ketonization reactions that are required for converting these renewable, generally oxygenated feedstocks to desirable and renewable products. This chapter summarizes the work done on developing bio-based products in the last decade using the seminal US Department of Energy report on the top twelve bio-based chemicals as a starting point to assess catalyst improvement, novel process options, commercialization potential, and market penetration when possible.

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Reference£º
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

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Biomass into chemicals: One-pot production of furan-based diols from carbohydrates via tandem reactions

In this work, the direct production of furan-based diols from carbohydrates and their upstream raw materials via one-pot tandem reactions in ionic liquid/water system is presented. In this novel reaction system, ionic liquid serves as an advantageous solvent for polysaccharide (cellulose, inulin, sucrose) hydrolysis and hexose dehydration reactions, and heterogeneous Pd, Pt, Ir, Ni, Ru-based catalysts catalyze HMF hydrogenation reaction under relatively mild condition (50 C, 6 MPa H2) to afford moderate to high yield (34.0-89.3%) of furan-based diols, namely, 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) and 2,5-dihydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran (DHMTF). Our results show that the metal species strongly affects the selectivity of the products, while the nature of the support influences the activity of the catalysts significantly. By selecting the proper metal species and the support, controllable production of DHMF or DHMTF was realized. Based on the intermediates identified and the conversion results, the proposed reaction pathway, including possible side reactions were presented. Taken together, our catalytic system featured with simple process, mild condition, high yield of diols and adjustable product selectivity. The direct conversion of the carbohydrates and the upstream materials drives our technology nearer to real application for cost-efficient production of chemicals from biomass.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

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CONVERSION OF 1,2,5,6-HEXANETETROL (HTO) TO TETRAHYDROFURAN DICARBOXYLIC ACID (THFDCA)

Disclosed herein are methods for synthesizing useful intermediates and/or products from 1,2,5,6-hexanetetrol (HTO), which itself can be derived from a sugar. In an aspect, a process is provided for production of THFDCA from 1,2,5,6-hexanetetrol (HTO). The process comprises the steps of (a) ring closing to form a ring compound and (b) oxidizing using a catalyst comprising platinum and bismuth to form an acid mixture. Step (a) may be performed before or after step (b).

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Reference£º
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Discovery of (cis-Tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyl)dimethanol

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METHOD FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITIONS OF FURAN GLYCIDYL ETHERS, COMPOSITIONS PRODUCED AND USES OF SAME

A method for producing a composition of glycidyl ethers synthesised from furan derivatives (furan glycidyl ethers), partly characterized by azeotropic distillation performed under reduced pressure and without the addition of a catalyst. Such products are used to produce epoxy resins, with the aim of forming a three-dimensional macromolecular network. With the compositions of the invention the cross-linking density of the network is increased, allowing the production of a material which is more resistant, both chemically and mechanically, and has a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) than the same materials produced with compositions of furan glycidyl ethers synthesized at atmospheric pressure according to prior art.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Extracurricular laboratory:new discovery of (cis-Tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyl)dimethanol

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Porous nanomaterials as green catalyst for the conversion of biomass to bioenergy

Natural fossil fuel is the prime resource of energy and with the rapid technological development its reserve is depleting at an alarming rate. To overcome this concern bio-refinery is the most emerging and necessary approach, where liquid fuels and related demanding fine chemicals can be derived very effectively from biomass via platform chemical 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). HMF, furfural and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) can be derived from biomass via several catalytic processes. Thus the objective of this review is to summarize various catalytic methods to produce 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) the precursor of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) from a variety of monomeric bioresources such as glucose, fructose, dimeric (sucrose) and also polymeric carbohydrates like starch, cellulose and biomass derived carbohydrates (raw biomass). High surface acidity and porous nanostructures (high surface area) of the nanomaterials play crucial role in these heterogeneous catalytic processes. Several nanoporous solid acid catalysts like porous resin, micro/mesoporous carbons, microporous zeolites, mesoporous metal oxides, functionalized mesoporous silicas and porous organic polymers employed in the selective biomass conversion reactions are discussed in detail in this review. Bifunctional catalysts, MOFs and metal phosphonates with functionalised surfaces in comparison to those of the conventional solid acid catalysts are also discussed in-depth.

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Reference£º
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem