Category: 16874-33-2

Decarboxylative C-C and C-N Bond Formation by Ligand-Accelerated Iron Photocatalysis was written by Feng, Guangshou;Wang, Xiaofei;Jin, Jian. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2019.Electric Literature of C5H8O3 This article mentions the following:

A mild and effective protocol for decarboxylative C-C and C-N bond formation through iron photocatalysis was achieved. The carboxylic acids underwent radical decarboxylation in the presence of Fe₂(SO₄)₃ and di-(2-picolyl)amine under visible light irradiation The resulting alkyl radicals then reacted with Michael acceptors or azodicarboxylates to furnish the adducts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2Electric Literature of C5H8O3).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Electric Literature of C5H8O3

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Hydrogenolysis of tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid over tungsten-modified rhodium catalyst was written by Asano, Takehiro;Nakagawa, Yoshinao;Tamura, Masazumi;Tomishige, Keiichi. And the article was included in Applied Catalysis, A: General in 2020.Synthetic Route of C5H8O3 This article mentions the following:

Catalysts for reduction of tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (THFCA), which can be synthesized from furfural via oxidation and hydrogenation, were explored among the combinations of noble metal and reducible metal oxide supported on SiO₂. Rh-WO_x/SiO₂ catalysts showed activity in C-O hydrogenolysis at 2-position of THFCA (to δ-valerolactone and 5-hydroxyvaleric acid) and higher yield ratio of these C-O hydrogenolysis products to carboxylic acid hydrogenation products than other bimetallic catalysts. The activity of Rh-WO_x/SiO₂ catalysts was highest at W/Rh = 0.25 mol/mol. X-ray diffraction, TPR, CO adsorption and XAFS characterizations showed that the Rh-WO_x/SiO₂ (W/Rh = 0.25) catalyst contained Rh metal particles with surface modification with isolated W²⁺ oxide species. The mechanism that hydride-like species formed on Rh atom attacks the C atom at the α-position (2-position) of adsorbed carboxylate on W atom is proposed based on the similar kinetics and similar catalyst structure to Rh-MO_x/SiO₂ (M = Re, Mo) which is known to be active in THFA hydrogenolysis to 1,5-pentanediol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2Synthetic Route of C5H8O3).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Synthetic Route of C5H8O3

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of N(7)-position-modified balofloxacins was written by Hong, Ge;Li, Weitian;Mao, Lina;Wang, Jiawen;Liu, Tianjun. And the article was included in Frontiers in Chemistry (Lausanne, Switzerland) in 2022.Recommanded Product: Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid This article mentions the following:

A series of small-mol. fluoroquinolones, I [R = COMe, cyclopropylcarbonyl, pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl, etc.], II [R² = COMe, 1,2,4-triazol-y-ylacetyl], and III, were synthesized, characterized by HRMS and NMR spectroscopy, and screened for their antibacterial activity against MRSA, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli as model G⁺/G^– pathogens. Compounds I [R = Me, Et, n-Pr] were more potent than the reference drug balofloxacin against MRSA and P. aeruginosa (MIC values of 0.0195 and 0.039μg/mL for I [R = Me] (IV), 0.039 and 0.078μg/mL for each of I [R = Et, n-Pr], resp.). Anal. of the time-dependent antibacterial effect of compound IV toward MRSA showed that in the early logarithmic growth phase, bactericidal effects occurred, while in the late logarithmic growth phase, bacterial inhibition occurred because of concentration effects and possibly the development of drug resistance. Compound IV exhibited low toxicity toward normal mammalian cell lines 3T3 and L-02 and tumor cell lines A549, H520, BEL-7402 and MCF-7. The compound was not hemolytic. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that IV could effectively destroy the membrane and wall of MRSA cells, resulting in the outflow of the cellular contents. Docking studies indicated the good binding profile of these compounds toward DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. ADMET’s prediction showed that most of the synthesized compounds followed Lipinski’s “rule of five” and possessed good drug-like properties. Our data suggested that compound IV exhibited potent anti-MRSA activity and is worthy of further investigation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2Recommanded Product: Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Tetrahydrofuran reaction with hydrogen sulfide: In the presence of a solid acid catalyst, tetrahydrofuran reacts with hydrogen sulfide to give tetrahydrothiophene.Recommanded Product: Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

C(sp³)-H oxygenation via alkoxypalladium(II) species: an update for the mechanism was written by Zhang, Shuaizhong;Zhang, Jinquan;Zou, Hongbin. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2022.Electric Literature of C5H8O3 This article mentions the following:

In the present study of γ-C(sp³)-H acyloxylation of amine derivatives, a different mechanism was shown when tert-Bu hydroperoxide (TBHP) was used as an oxidant-namely, a bimetallic oxidative addition-oxo-insertion process. This catalytic model results in an alkoxypalladium(II) intermediate from which acyloxylation and alkoxylation products was formed. Exptl. and computational studies, including isolation of the putative post-oxo-insertion alkoxypalladium(II) intermediates, support this mechanistic model. D. functional theory revealed that the classical alkylpalladium(IV) oxidative addition pathway was higher in energy than the bimetallic oxo-insertion pathway. Further kinetic studies revealed second-order dependence on [Pd] and first-order on [TBHP], which was consistent with DFT anal. This procedure was compatible with a wide range of acids and alcs. for γ-C(sp³)-H oxygenation. Preliminary functional group transformations of the products underscore the great potential of this protocol for structural manipulation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2Electric Literature of C5H8O3).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a Lewis base that bonds to a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, triethylaluminum and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II). THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Electric Literature of C5H8O3

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Proline Oxidation Supports Mitochondrial ATP Production When Complex I Is Inhibited was written by Pallag, Gergely;Nazarian, Sara;Ravasz, Dora;Bui, David;Komlodi, Timea;Doerrier, Carolina;Gnaiger, Erich;Seyfried, Thomas N.;Chinopoulos, Christos. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Quality Control of Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid This article mentions the following:

The oxidation of proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) leads to the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone in mitochondria that express proline dehydrogenase (ProDH). This electron transfer supports Complexes CIII and CIV, thus generating the protonmotive force. Further catabolism of P5C forms glutamate, which fuels the citric acid cycle that yields the reducing equivalent that sustain oxidative phosphorylation. However, P5C and glutamate catabolism depend on CI activity due to NAD+ requirements. NextGen-O2k (Oroboros Instruments) was used to measure proline oxidation in isolated mitochondria of various mouse tissues. Simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption, membrane potential, NADH, and the ubiquinone redox state were correlated to ProDH activity and F1FO-ATPase directionality. Proline catabolism generated a sufficiently high membrane potential that was able to maintain the F1FO-ATPase operation in the forward mode. This was observed in CI-inhibited mouse liver and kidney mitochondria that exhibited high levels of proline oxidation and ProDH activity. This action was not observed under anoxia or when either CIII or CIV were inhibited. The duroquinone fueling of CIII and CIV partially reproduced the effects of proline. Excess glutamate, however, could not reproduce the proline effect, suggesting that processes upstream of the glutamate conversion from proline were involved. The ProDH inhibitors tetrahydro-2-furoic acid and, to a lesser extent, S-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylic acid abolished all proline effects. The data show that ProDH-directed proline catabolism could generate sufficient CIII and CIV proton pumping, thus supporting ATP production by the F1FO-ATPase even under CI inhibition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2Quality Control of Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is primarily used as a precursor to polymers including for surface coating, adhesives, and printing inks.Quality Control of Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Hindered dialkyl ether synthesis with electrogenerated carbocations was written by Xiang, Jinbao;Shang, Ming;Kawamata, Yu;Lundberg, Helena;Reisberg, Solomon H.;Chen, Miao;Mykhailiuk, Pavel;Beutner, Gregory;Collins, Michael R.;Davies, Alyn;Del Bel, Matthew;Gallego, Gary M.;Spangler, Jillian E.;Starr, Jeremy;Yang, Shouliang;Blackmond, Donna G.;Baran, Phil S.. And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 16874-33-2 This article mentions the following:

Hindered ethers are of high value for various applications; however, they remain an underexplored area of chem. space because they are difficult to synthesize via conventional reactions. Such motifs are highly coveted in medicinal chem., because extensive substitution about the ether bond prevents unwanted metabolic processes that can lead to rapid degradation in vivo. Here we report a simple route towards the synthesis of hindered ethers, in which electrochem. oxidation is used to liberate high-energy carbocations from simple carboxylic acids. These reactive carbocation intermediates, which are generated with low electrochem. potentials, capture an alc. donor under non-acidic conditions; this enables the formation of a range of ethers (more than 80 have been prepared here) that would otherwise be difficult to access. The carbocations can also be intercepted by simple nucleophiles, leading to the formation of hindered alcs. and even alkyl fluorides. This method was evaluated for its ability to circumvent the synthetic bottlenecks encountered in the preparation of 12 chem. scaffolds, leading to higher yields of the required products, in addition to substantial reductions in the number of steps and the amount of labor required to prepare them. The use of mol. probes and the results of kinetic studies support the proposed mechanism and the role of additives under the conditions examined The reaction manifold that we report here demonstrates the power of electrochem. to access highly reactive intermediates under mild conditions and, in turn, the substantial improvements in efficiency that can be achieved with these otherwise-inaccessible intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2HPLC of Formula: 16874-33-2).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. Tetrahydrofuran can also be produced, or synthesised, via catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This process involves converting certain sugars into THF by digesting to furfural. An alternative to this method is the catalytic hydrogenation of furan with a nickel catalyst.HPLC of Formula: 16874-33-2

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem