Category: 1028-33-7

Winde, Ekkehard published an article about the compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione( cas:1028-33-7,SMILESS:CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O ).Quality Control of 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:1028-33-7) through the article.

A Rotating Dissolution cell (RD-cell), based on the flow-through principle, is presented for the determination of the dissolution rates of drugs from oral solid dosage forms. Due to the rotational movement of the cell, a liquid current is generated perpendicular to the direction of the flow of the test medium. Thereby the mech. stress on the dosage form becomes nearly independent on the flow rate of the medium and may be varied by adjusting the speed of rotation. The all-glass construction eliminates the absorption of dissolved drug by plastics used in other testing devices, such as membrane filters and tubes. The cell is especially suitable for testing sustained-release dosage forms as demonstrated by results from 14 com. preparations These included various retard principles, such as diffusion pellets, imbedments, matrixes and ion exchange. The release profiles obtained with the RD-cell are reproducible and provide a measure for the pharmaceutical equivalence of similar dosage forms.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
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Safety of 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Intestinal absorption of nine drugs from oily vehicles and its relation to partition phenomena.

An in situ small intestine perfusion technique in the rat was used to study the absorption of drugs from oily vehicles. The affinity of the solute for the lipid phase played an important role with 2 triglycerides, tributyrin and tricaprylin; in these oils, absorption rate constants could be related either to entrapment of the drug or a concentration build-up at the intestinal surface, depending on the value of the partition coefficient On the contrary, no general rule could be established with Et laurate, which interacted in a specific manner with each drug tested. Theophylline absorption was strongly increase by this fatty acid ester as shown by luminal and blood level measurements. Thus, this model can be further refined by investigating the importance of the vehicle dose and bile flow to design a new dosage from with increased bioavailability in humans.

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The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Pentoxifylline, propentofylline and pentifylline for acute ischaemic stroke.》. Authors are Bath, P M; Bath, F J; Asplund, K.The article about the compound:1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dionecas:1028-33-7,SMILESS:CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O).Product Details of 1028-33-7. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1028-33-7) is conveyed.

BACKGROUND: Methylxanthine derivatives are vasodilators. They also inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis, decrease the release of free radicals and may be neuroprotective. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effect of intravenous or oral methylxanthines (pentoxifylline, propentofylline, or pentifylline) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register, Medline (from 1965), Embase (from 1981), ISI (from 1981) and the Ottawa stroke trials registry. We contacted drug companies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials comparing pentoxifylline, propentofylline or pentifylline with placebo or control in patients with definite or presumed acute ischaemic stroke. Trials were included if treatment was started within one week of stroke onset. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria. Trial quality was assessed. MAIN RESULTS: Five trials were included. Four trials tested pentoxifylline in 763 people, and one tested propentofylline in 30 people. No trials of pentifylline were found. Early death (within four weeks) occurred in 34 of 408 patients given a methylxanthine drug compared with 49 of 385 given placebo (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.41 to 1.02). This non-significant trend to less deaths was due mainly to one pentoxifylline trial that found a highly significant reduction in early deaths. Two trials reported early death or disability and found a non-significant reduction (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.20 to 1.20). Late death (beyond four weeks) was reported in the propentofylline trial involving 30 patients, with no difference between treatment and placebo (odds ratio 0.70, 95% confidence interval 0.13 to 3.68). Data for neurological impairment and disability were not in a form suitable for analysis. Data on quality of life, stroke recurrence, thromboembolism and bleeding were not reported. REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to assess the effectiveness and safety of methylxanthines after acute ischaemic stroke.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
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Reference of 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Dual use of a chemical auxiliary: molecularly imprinted polymers for the selective recovery of products from biocatalytic reaction mixtures. Author is Larsen, Aaron T.; Lai, Tiffany; Polic, Vanja; Auclair, Karine.

Auxiliary-directed biocatalysis is a powerful and relatively benign tool for chem. synthesis. We recently reported the use of theobromine as a chem. auxiliary for directing CYP3A4-catalyzed oxidations with predictable regio-, chemo- and stereo-selectivity (J.Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 7853). This highly successful strategy enabled the direct, regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation of unactivated C-H bonds. However, recovering the products and starting materials from the resulting biocatalytic mixtures has proven challenging. To address this issue, we capitalized on the chem. auxiliary present on the starting material and enzymic reaction products. The chem. auxiliary was used as a template to generate molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). When used in solid-phase extractions, the MIPs reported here allow for the recovery (>90%) of theobromine-containing products and starting materials from complex mixtures such as cellular membrane extracts This strategy, which avoids the use of large amounts of organic solvents, represents an effective, easily-tailored, and reusable way to improve the recovered yield of biocatalytic transformations while extending the usefulness of a chem. auxiliary.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Pentoxifylline, propentofylline and pentifylline for acute ischaemic stroke.》. Authors are Bath, P M W; Bath-Hextall, F J.The article about the compound:1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dionecas:1028-33-7,SMILESS:CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O).Electric Literature of C13H20N4O2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1028-33-7) is conveyed.

BACKGROUND: Methylxanthine derivatives are vasodilators. They also inhibit platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 synthesis, decrease the release of free radicals and may be neuroprotective. NOTE: This review covers an area where no active research is taking place. It will be updated if relevant information becomes available, e.g. on completion of an appropriate study. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of intravenous or oral methylxanthines (pentoxifylline, propentofylline, or pentifylline) in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register (last searched November 2003). For the first version, we also searched EMBASE (1980 to 1999), MEDLINE (1966 to 1999), Science Citation Index (1981 to 1999) and the Ottawa Stroke Trials Registry. We also contacted the manufacturers of methylxanthines and the principal investigators of the identified trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials comparing pentoxifylline, propentofylline or pentifylline with placebo or control in patients with definite or presumed acute ischaemic stroke. Trials were included if treatment was started within one week of stroke onset. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria. Trial quality was assessed. MAIN RESULTS: Five trials were included. Four trials tested pentoxifylline in 763 people, and one tested propentofylline in 30 people. No trials of pentifylline were found. The odds of early death (within four weeks) was non-significantly reduced in patients given a methylxanthine drug as compared with those given placebo (odds ratio (OR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41 to 1.02). This non-significant trend to less deaths was due mainly to one pentoxifylline trial that found a highly significant reduction in early deaths. Two trials reported early death or disability and found a non-significant reduction (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.20). There was no significant difference in late death (beyond four weeks), as reported in the propentofylline trial involving 30 patients, although the confidence interval was wide (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.13 to 3.68). Data for neurological impairment and disability were not in a form suitable for analysis. Data on quality of life, stroke recurrence, thromboembolism and bleeding were not reported. REVIEWERS’ CONCLUSIONS: There is not enough evidence to assess adequately the effectiveness and safety of methylxanthines after acute ischaemic stroke.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Glucan stimulates human dermal fibroblast collagen biosynthesis through a nuclear factor-1 dependent mechanism.》. Authors are Wei, Duo; Zhang, Leiying; Williams, David L; Browder, I William.The article about the compound:1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dionecas:1028-33-7,SMILESS:CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O).HPLC of Formula: 1028-33-7. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1028-33-7) is conveyed.

Glucan, an immunomodulator, has been reported to increase collagen deposition and tensile strength in experimental models of wound repair. Previous data suggest that glucan modulates wound healing via an indirect mechanism in which macrophages are stimulated to release growth factors and cytokines. However, recent data have shown the presence of glucan receptors on normal human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting that glucans may be able to directly stimulate fibroblast collagen biosynthesis. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of glucan on collagen biosynthesis in normal human dermal fibroblasts. We assessed nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) activation, procollagen mRNA expression, collagen biosynthesis, and whether there was a causal link between glucan treatment, NF-1 activation, and collagen expression. Glucan (1 microg/ml) increased NF-1 binding activity by 46% (8 hours), 64% (24 hours), 215% (36 hours), and 119% (48 hours) in cultured normal human dermal fibroblasts. Alpha 1(I) and alpha1 (III) procollagen mRNA were increased in glucan-treated normal human dermal fibroblasts when compared with the untreated fibroblasts. Collagen synthesis was increased at 24 hours and 48 hours following glucan treatment of normal human dermal fibroblasts. Down-regulation of NF-1 by pentifylline inhibited glucan-induced procollagen mRNA expression. These data indicate that glucan can directly stimulate human fibroblast collagen biosynthesis through an NF-1-dependent mechanism.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione(SMILESS: CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O,cas:1028-33-7) is researched.Quality Control of 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzaldehyde. The article 《Analysis of Physicochemical Properties for Drugs of Natural Origin》 in relation to this compound, is published in Journal of Natural Products. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:1028-33-7).

The impact of time, therapy area, and route of administration on 13 physicochem. properties calculated for 664 drugs developed from a natural prototype was investigated. The mean values for the majority of properties sampled over five periods from pre-1900 to 2013 were found to change in a statistically significant manner. In contrast, lipophilicity and aromatic ring count remained relatively constant, suggesting that these parameters are the most important for successful prosecution of a natural product drug discovery program if the route of administration is not focused exclusively on oral availability. An examination by therapy area revealed that anti-infective agents had the most differences in physicochem. property profiles compared with other areas, particularly with respect to lipophilicity. However, when this group was removed, the variation between the mean values for lipophilicity and aromatic ring count across the remaining therapy areas was again found not to change in a meaningful manner, further highlighting the importance of these two parameters. The vast majority of drugs with a natural progenitor were formulated for either oral and/or injectable administration. Injectables were, on average, larger and more polar than drugs developed for oral, topical, and inhalation routes.

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Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
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Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 1028-33-7, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, about Glucose transport into the brain. Its dependency on blood glucose level and its modification by drugs, the main research direction is glucose uptake brain; blood brain barrier glucose; insulin glucose brain; glucagon glucose brain.Related Products of 1028-33-7.

Glucose (I) [50-99-7] uptake into the brain of mice was probably independent of the blood I level over the measured range of 50-300 mg% and proceeded via a facilitated, i.e. passive, carrier-mediated transport mechanism. Insulin [9004-10-8], Helfergin [51-68-3], and 1-ethyltheophylline [37102-58-2] increased the I uptake after i.v. administration of U-14C-labeled I to mice, whereas glucagon [9007-92-5], γ-hydroxybutyric acid [591-81-1], and Cosaldon [1028-33-7] decreased it. The other compounds investigated were inactive. However, these alterations in I uptake were not real, because the uptake of radioactivity into the brain was reciprocal to the blood I level in accordance with the expected change of sp. activity when a constant quantity of external radioactive I was mixed with the inactive blood.

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The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Pharmacology of 1-hexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine》. Authors are Ramos, A. O.; Ramos, L.; Zanini, A. C.; Slemer, O..The article about the compound:1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dionecas:1028-33-7,SMILESS:CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O).Related Products of 1028-33-7. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1028-33-7) is conveyed.

1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine (HeX) inhibited contractions induced by acetylcholine, pilocarpine, and BaCl2 in the isolated rat duodenum and guinea pig ileum and trachea. HeX did not cause hypotension, but caused a marked, prolonged pial vasodilation in dogs. In rats HeX induced a diuresis.

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So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Borowiecki, Pawel; Zdun, Beata; Dranka, Maciej researched the compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione( cas:1028-33-7 ).Recommanded Product: 1028-33-7.They published the article 《Chemoenzymatic enantioselective and stereo-convergent syntheses of lisofylline enantiomers via lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution and optical inversion approach》 about this compound( cas:1028-33-7 ) in Molecular Catalysis. Keywords: Candida lipase lisofylline biocatalysts. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:1028-33-7).

Highly enantioselective enzymic kinetic resolution (EKR) of racemic lisofylline is presented for the first time. A comprehensive optimization of the key parameters of lipase-catalyzed transesterification of racemic lisofylline revealed that optimal biocatalytic system consisted of immobilized lipase type B from Candida antarctica (Chirazyme L-2, C-3) suspended in a mixture of 3 equiv of vinyl acetate as an acetyl donor and Et acetate as a solvent. Under optimal reaction conditions, the 1 g-scale (Chirazyme L-2, C-3)-catalyzed kinetic resolution of racemic lisofylline furnished both the EKR products in a homochiral form (>99 % ee) with the 50 % conv., and the highest possible enantioselectivity. The best results in terms of the reaction yields (47-50 %) and enantiomeric purity of the kinetically-resolved optically active products were achieved when the preparative-scale EKR was carried out for 2 h at 60 °C. In addition, stereoinversion of the less biol.-relevant (S)-lisofylline into its (R)-enantiomer was successfully achieved via acetolysis of the resp. optically pure (S)-mesylate by using 2 equiv of ceasium acetate and catalytic amount of 18-Crown-6 in dry toluene, followed by K2CO3-mediated methanolysis of (R)-acetate. The elaborated EKR methodol. together with enantioconvergent strategy provided a useful chemoenzymic protocol for the synthesis of complementary enantiomers of titled API. Moreover, we report on the first single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses performed for the synthesized lisofylline enantiomers. Insight into the source of CAL-B stereoselectivity toward racemic lisofylline was gained by mol. docking experiments In silico theor. predictions matched very well with exptl. results.

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Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
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