Category: 1028-33-7

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Influence of isoproterenol on net potassium uptake in whole pigeon erythrocytes in vitro, published in 1981-11-30, which mentions a compound: 1028-33-7, Name is 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, Molecular C13H20N4O2, Synthetic Route of C13H20N4O2.

isoproterenol (I) [7683-59-2] increases net uptake of K in whole pigeon erythrocytes in vitro; the effect of 10-5 M isoproterenol is blocked by 10-4 M propranolol. Pentifylline, a potent inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase, significantly amplifies the effect of isoproterenol, indicating that the isoproterenol effect is mediated by cyclic AMP  [60-92-4]. Cyclic AMP alone has no direct influence on net K uptake, whereas dibutyryl cAMP has a very weak effect. Isoproterenol effects may be mediated by cell membrane protein phosphorylation.

This compound(1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione)Synthetic Route of C13H20N4O2 was discussed at the molecular level, the effects of temperature and reaction time on the properties of the compound were discussed, and the optimum reaction conditions were selected.

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Epoxy compounds usually have stronger nucleophilic ability, because the alkyl group on the oxygen atom makes the bond angle smaller, which makes the lone pair of electrons react more dissimilarly with the electron-deficient system. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Structure-activity relationship of xanthines and skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel.Application of 1028-33-7.

Caffeine activates in the millimolar range the skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel (ryanodine receptor). Xanthine analogs substituted in the 1, 3, 7, 8, and 9 positions were tested for their capacity to increase [3H]ryanodine binding to skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles enriched in Ca2+ release activity and ryanodine receptor content. Of the 30 xanthines tested, 9 were more effective than caffeine in increasing [3H]ryanodine binding. The 7-Me group of caffeine was most important for activating the ryanodine receptor, followed by the Me groups in the 1 and 3 positions. An increase in hydrophobicity of the side chains in positions 7, 1, and 3 enhanced the ability of xanthines to activate the ryanodine receptor. Substitutions in positions 8 and 9 were without or with inhibitory effect.

《Structure-activity relationship of xanthines and skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel》 provides a strategy for the preparation of materials with excellent comprehensive properties, which is conducive to broaden the application field of this compound(1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione)Application of 1028-33-7.

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Structure of the excretion products of 1-hexyl-3,7-dimethylxanthine》. Authors are Mohler, W.; Bletz, I.; Reiser, M..The article about the compound:1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dionecas:1028-33-7,SMILESS:CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O).Synthetic Route of C13H20N4O2. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:1028-33-7) is conveyed.

After addition of the title compound (I) to the urine of the rat, the rabbit, and man, four metabolites, 1-(5-oxohexyl) analog (II) of I, 1-(5-hydroxyhexyl) analog (III) of I, 1-(3-carboxypropyl) analog (IV) of I, and 1-(4,5-dihydroxy) derivative (V) of I, were detected. The structure of these metabolites were proved by chem. degradation and synthesis. Thus, for isolation and detection of the metabolites the urine was concentrated in vacuo, basified with alkali, and extracted continuously with CHCl3, the extract evaporated in vacuo and the brown sirup investigated by thin-layer chromatography. By chromatography on Al2O3 were obtained V, m. 157-60°, [α]21.5D -10.8° (H2O), Rf 0.20 (identified by comparison- and mixture-chromatography), III, m. 122-9°, and a little II, identified in the same manner. From the acidified urine IV, m. 220°, was extracted and precipitated by addition of MeOH. In crude glucuronide (prepared by precipitation with lead sulfide according to Kamil, et al., CA 46, 2653i), III and V could be detected only after addition of H2O, acetate buffer (pH 4.62), and β-glucuronidase (1250 Fishman units), and 8 hrs. incubation at 37° followed by extraction with CHCl3. In the aqueous phase was detected glucuronic acid (VI) by thin-layer chromatography. The carbazole reaction (Dische, CA 41, 3157h) proved the presence of free VI. Synthesis: To 11.7 g. 1 bromo-3-phenoxypropane in 100 ml. Et0H was dropped a solution of 9.5 g. theobromine and 2.1 g. NaOH in 50 ml. H2O with stirring and warming, refluxed 5 hrs., and evaporated in vacuo to obtain nearly 100% 1-(phenoxypropyl) derivative (VII) of I, m. 111-12° (EtOH). VII (61 g.) was refluxed with 300 ml. 48% HBr 5 hrs. to give 60% 1-(3-bromopropyl) analog (VIII) of I, m. 143-4° (MeOH). To 1.4 g. Na in 75 ml. absolute Et0H was added 7.8 g. AcCH2OEt and 18 g. VIII, refluxed 12 hrs., evaporated, the residue dissolved in H2O, extracted with CHCl3, the extract dried with Na2SO4, filtered, evaporated, the residue stirred with 72 ml. 5% NaOH, filtered, and acidified with 7.2 ml. half concentrated H2SO4 (CO2 evolution), boiled briefly, cooled, basified, extracted with CHCl3, and chromatographed (9:1 CHCl3EtOH) to give 2.4 g. II, m. 103° (iso-PrOH); 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone m. 200-1° (EtOH). Reduction of II with NaBH4 in MeOH gave 90% III, m. 124° (iso-PrOH). To 2 g. VIII was added 400 mg. KCN in aqueous alc. solution within 10 min. with stirring, refluxed 3 hrs., evaporated in vacuo, and the residue boiled with 48% HBr 3 hrs. to obtain 18% IV, m. 220° (H2O). IV was esterified with ethereal CH2N2 or by heating with 14% methanolic HCl to obtain 62% Me ester (IX) of IV, m. 102° (Et2O). IX refluxed with 20% HCl 2 hrs. gave IV. To 154.2 mg. V in 2 ml. H2O was added 166 mg. NaIO4 in 3 ml. H2O, the pH brought to 2.5 with H2SO4, the mixture kept 2 hrs. in a refrigerator, extracted with CHCl3, and Et2O added to obtain nearly 100% 1-(3-formylpropyl) analog (X) of I, m. 91-3°; p-nitrophenylhydrazone m. 211-12° (EtOH). X was oxidized with KMnO4 in dilute H2SO4 to give IV, m. 219-23°. VII warmed with Ac2O 12 hrs. on a water bath gave 65% diacetyl derivative (Xll) of V, m. 70°, solidified at 90° and m. 110° (Et2O). XII was kept 2 hrs. with dilute NaOH to give V, m. 157-60° (Me2CO). The metabolites were also identified by mixture m.ps. with corresponding synthetic products.

Different reactions of this compound(1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione)Synthetic Route of C13H20N4O2 require different conditions, so the reaction conditions are very important.

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 1028-33-7, is researched, SMILESS is CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O, Molecular C13H20N4O2Journal, Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t, Research Support, U.S. Gov’t, P.H.S., Journal of Virology called Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr gene induces phenotypic effects similar to those of the DNA alkylating agent, nitrogen mustard, Author is Poon, Betty; Jowett, Jeremy B. M.; Stewart, Sheila A.; Armstrong, Robert W.; Rishton, Gilbert M.; Chen, Irvin S. Y., the main research direction is HIV1 virus vpu gene nitrogen mustard.Application In Synthesis of 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione.

The product of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr gene induces cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and is characterized by an accumulation of the hyperphosphorylated form of cdc2 kinase. This phenotype is similar to the effect of DNA-damaging agents, which can also cause cells to arrest at G2. We previously reported that Vpr mimicked some of the effects of a DNA alkylating agent known as nitrogen mustard (HN2). Here we extend these earlier observations by further comparing the activation state of cdc2 kinase, the kinetics of G2 arrest, and the ability to reverse the arrest with chem. compounds known as methylxanthines. Infection of cells synchronized in the G1 phase of the cell cycle with a pseudotyped HIV-1 resulted in arrest at G2 within 12 h postinfection, before the first mitosis. Similar to that induced by HN2, Vpr-induced arrest led to a decrease in cdc2 kinase activity. Vpr-mediated G2 arrest was alleviated by methylxanthines at concentrations similar to those needed to reverse the G2 arrest induced by HN2, and cells proceeded apparently normally through at least one complete cell cycle. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Vpr induces G2 arrest through pathways that are similar to those utilized by DNA-damaging agents.

Different reactions of this compound(1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione)Application In Synthesis of 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione require different conditions, so the reaction conditions are very important.

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Product Details of 1028-33-7. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Pentoxifylline and pentifylline inhibit proliferation of human tenon’s capsule fibroblasts and production of type-I collagen and laminin in vitro.

After glaucoma filtering surgery, an excessive repopulation of Tenon’s capsule fibroblasts (TCFs) with the accumulation of extracellular matrix including collagen types during wound healing may cause scarring of the bleb, resulting in surgical failure. Pentoxifylline (PTX) and pentifylline (PTF), both methylxanthine derivatives, are known to inhibit protein synthesis and proliferation of cells in vitro. We examined the effects of these agents on the proliferation of cultured human TCFs and their production of type-I collagen COOH-terminal peptide (PIP) and laminin to investigate the potential use of the agents as antifibrotic agents after filtering surgery. Both agents inhibited the proliferation of cultured human TCFs and their production of PIP and laminin. The inhibitory effects of PTF on proliferation and production of PIP and laminin were greater than those of PTX. These methylxanthine derivatives may have clin. utility in preventing excessive bleb scarring after glaucoma filtering surgery.

Different reactions of this compound(1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione)Product Details of 1028-33-7 require different conditions, so the reaction conditions are very important.

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Recommanded Product: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Active Site Crowding of Cytochrome P450 3A4 as a Strategy To Alter Its Selectivity. Author is Schiavini, Paolo; Cheong, Kin J.; Moitessier, Nicolas; Auclair, Karine.

Substrate-promiscuous enzymes are a promising starting point for the development of versatile biocatalysts. In this study, human cytochrome P 450 3A4, known for its ability to metabolize hundreds of drugs, was engineered to alter its regio- and stereoselectivity. Rational mutagenesis was used to introduce steric hindrance in a specific manner in the large active site of P 450 3A4 and to favor oxidation at a more sterically accessible position on the substrate. Hydroxylation of a synthetic precursor of (R)-lisofylline, a compound under investigation for its anti-inflammatory properties, was chosen as a first proof-of-principle application of our protein engineering strategy. In a second example, increasing active site crowding led to an incremental shift in the selectivity of oxidation from an internal double bond to a terminal Ph group in a derivative of theobromine. The same correlation between crowding and selectivity was found in a final case focused on the hydroxylation of the steroid sex hormone progesterone.

Different reactions of this compound(1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione)Recommanded Product: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione require different conditions, so the reaction conditions are very important.

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione(SMILESS: CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O,cas:1028-33-7) is researched.Reference of 2-Amino-5-chlorobenzaldehyde. The article 《Qualitative organic analysis. Part 3. Identification of drugs and their metabolites by PCA of standardized TLC data》 in relation to this compound, is published in Journal of Planar Chromatography–Modern TLC. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:1028-33-7).

Principal components anal. (PCA) of standardized RF values of 443 drugs and their metabolites present in urine and blood samples chromatographed with four sheet systems provided a two-component model accounting for 70.8% of the total variance. The “”scores”” plot enabled either identification, or restriction of the range of inquiry to few candidates. This simple, cheap and fast anal. method is of vital importance in the identification of an unknown drug in cases of overdose intoxication or poisoning.

Different reactions of this compound(1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione)Name: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione require different conditions, so the reaction conditions are very important.

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

COA of Formula: C13H20N4O2. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Cerebral blood flow effects of piracetam, pentifylline, and nicotinic acid in the baboon model compared with the known effect of acetazolamide. Author is Jordaan, Beatrice; Oliver, Douglas W.; Dormehl, Irene C.; Hugo, Niek.

In normal aging humans there is a progressive decrease of oxygen and glucose consumption with a reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF), which could be responsible for age related changes in cognitive functions. A baboon model under anesthesia using single photon emission computed tomog. (SPECT) of the brain and the radiopharmaceutical hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) was developed and found to be sensitive to the effects of drugs that are known to increase CBF. The effect of two haemorrheol. active drugs, viz a combination of pentifylline (I) and nicotinic acid (II) vs. piracetam (III) were compared with the known effect of acetazolamide (IV) on CBF in the baboon model. IV and the combination of I and II increased the CBF when compared with the control baseline. The CBF was not significantly increased upon treatment with III, I alone, and II alone, when compared with the control values for total brain ratios. However, an increased regional effect was observed for III. These results indicate that the above haemorrheol. active drugs exhibit specific but different effects on cerebral blood flow with possible clin. implications.

The article 《Cerebral blood flow effects of piracetam, pentifylline, and nicotinic acid in the baboon model compared with the known effect of acetazolamide》 also mentions many details about this compound(1028-33-7)COA of Formula: C13H20N4O2, you can pay attention to it, because details determine success or failure

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Conference, Vascular Dementia, International Congress, 3rd, Prague, Czech Republic, Oct. 23-26, 2003 called Non-human primate SPECT model for determining cerebral perfusion effects of cerebrovasoactive drugs acting via multiple modes of pharmacological action, Author is Oliver, D. W.; Dormehl, I. C.; Louw, W. K. A., which mentions a compound: 1028-33-7, SMILESS is CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O, Molecular C13H20N4O2, Electric Literature of C13H20N4O2.

Increasing clin. and exptl. evidence implicates cerebral hypoperfusion during increased aging and that cerebrovascular insufficiency is a vital component of the neuropathol. progression of dementia. This study describes a baboon Papio ursinus model under anesthesia, for in vivo cerebral blood flow (CBF) determinations, using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomog. (SPECT) following the split-dose method with 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) and subsequent pharmacol. intervention studies. Studies were conducted with acetazolamide, pentifylline, nimodipine, sumatriptan and nicotinic acid. Increases in the cerebral perfusion of more than +30% were observed for nimodipine, acetazolamide and the combination of pentifylline and nicotinic acid. Drug interaction studies revealed an attenuation of increased CBF with sumatriptan or acetazolamide in combination with nimodipine. The CBF non-human primate model is therefore useful for the investigation of vasoactive drugs in dementia, acting via various pharmacol. modes of action.

The article 《Non-human primate SPECT model for determining cerebral perfusion effects of cerebrovasoactive drugs acting via multiple modes of pharmacological action》 also mentions many details about this compound(1028-33-7)Electric Literature of C13H20N4O2, you can pay attention to it, because details determine success or failure

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione( cas:1028-33-7 ) is researched.Safety of 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione.Mondragon, Estefania; Maher, Louis James III published the article 《Anti-Transcription Factor RNA Aptamers as Potential Therapeutics》 about this compound( cas:1028-33-7 ) in Nucleic Acid Therapeutics. Keywords: anti transcription factor RNA aptamer review human. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:1028-33-7).

A review. Transcription factors (TFs) are DNA-binding proteins that play critical roles in regulating gene expression. These proteins control all major cellular processes, including growth, development, and homeostasis. Because of their pivotal role, cells depend on proper TF function. It is, therefore, not surprising that TF deregulation is linked to disease. The therapeutic drug targeting of TFs has been proposed as a frontier in medicine. RNA aptamers make interesting candidates for TF modulation because of their unique characteristics. The products of in vitro selection, aptamers are short nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) that bind their targets with high affinity and specificity. Aptamers can be expressed on demand from transgenes and are intrinsically amenable to recognition by nucleic acid-binding proteins such as TFs. In this study, we review several natural prokaryotic and eukaryotic examples of RNAs that modulate the activity of TFs. These examples include 5S RNA, 6S RNA, 7SK, hepatitis delta virus-RNA (HDV-RNA), neuron restrictive silencer element (NRSE)-RNA, growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5), steroid receptor RNA activator (SRA), trophoblast STAT utron (TSU), the 3′ untranslated region of caudal mRNA, and heat shock RNA-1 (HSR1). We then review examples of unnatural RNA aptamers selected to inhibit TFs nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), TATA-binding protein (TBP), heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). The field of RNA aptamers for DNA-binding proteins continues to show promise.

The article 《Anti-Transcription Factor RNA Aptamers as Potential Therapeutics》 also mentions many details about this compound(1028-33-7)Safety of 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, you can pay attention to it, because details determine success or failure

Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem