Recommanded Product: 1028-33-7. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: 1-Hexyl-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, is researched, Molecular C13H20N4O2, CAS is 1028-33-7, about Effects of pentoxifylline, pentifylline and γ-interferon on proliferation, differentiation, and matrix synthesis of human renal fibroblasts. Author is Strutz, Frank; Heeg, Malte; Kochsiek, Tobias; Siemers, Gesa; Zeisberg, Michael; Muller, Gerhard A..
This study analyzed the potential antifibrotic effects of the title substances on human kidney fibroblasts in vitro. Primary renal fibroblasts were established from human kidney biopsies and were studied in addition to two renal fibroblast cell lines. The cells were first growth-arrested by withdrawal of fetal calf serum (FCS) and subsequently stimulated with 10% FCS in the presence of different concentrations of pentoxifylline (PTX), pentifylline (PTF), or γ-interferon (IFN-γ). PTX and PTF caused a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation in all the fibroblast lines (maximum 78.9% at 500 μg PTX/mL). Conversely, IFN-γ had only modest effects on fibroblast proliferation. Northern blot hybridizations showed that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 mRNA in fibroblasts was decreased by 73.7 and 91.5% by PTX (1000 μg/mL) and PTF (100 μg/mL), resp., whereas IFN-γ led to a reduction of 46.2% at 1000 U/mL, indicating that the inhibitory effects of all three substances may be mediated through inhibition of FGF-2 synthesis. No change in mRNA for transforming growth factor-1 was noted. Synthesis of cellular and secreted collagen type I was robustly inhibited by PTX and PTF, whereas IFN-γ exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on fibronectin synthesis and secretion. In addition, IFN-γ down-regulated the expression of α-smooth-muscle actin by 73.3% (at 1000 U/mL), whereas PTX and PTF caused a down-regulation of 49.7 and 80.0% (at 1000 and 100 μg/mL), resp. PTF was in all experiments about 10 times more potent than equimolar concentrations of PTX. Thus, PTX and PTF exerted robust inhibitory effects on fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and myofibroblast differentiation. Conversely, IFN-γ caused strong inhibition of fibronectin synthesis and α-smooth-muscle cell actin expression but had only weak inhibitory influences on fibroblast proliferation and collagen type I synthesis. The inhibitory effects of all three substances on proliferation may be mediated through inhibition of FGF-2 synthesis.
There is still a lot of research devoted to this compound(SMILES：CN1C=NC(N(C(N2CCCCCC)=O)C)=C1C2=O)Recommanded Product: 1028-33-7, and with the development of science, more effects of this compound(1028-33-7) can be discovered.
Reference:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem