Application of 105-21-5, The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.105-21-5, Name is Gamma-heptalactone, molecular formula is C7H12O2. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 105-21-5
Formation of isomeric monohalo-n-alkanoic acids in the reactions of gamma- and delta-n-alkanolactones with hydrogen halides
In 57percent hydriodic acid or 48percent hydrobromic acid, under reflux, n-alkanoic gamma- or delta-lactones of form 5 to 18 carbon atoms undergo facile ring opening to monohalo-n-alkanoic acids.With both reagents the ratio of acid to lactone at equilibrium varies widely, ranging from about 1:3 for gamma-valerolactone (C5) to 3:1 or more for gamma-octanolactone and the larger members of the series.Extemsive scrambling of the halogen atoms accompanies the formation of the haloacids, whereby mixtures of monohalo isomers substituted at all positions from C-4 to the penultimate carbon are found.In an 18 h reaction with HBr, for example, gamma-caprolactone was converted into a 1:3 mixture of 4- and 5-bromohexanoic acids, and gamma-decanolactone into 1:1.4:1.4:1.4:2.3:2.3 mixture of 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, and 9-bromodecanoic acids.By contrast, the gamma-lactones containing 14 or 16 carbon atoms gave only 10:1 mixtures of the 4- and 5-bromoacids, and at the level of 18 carbon atoms rearrangement was was no longer evident; i.e., gamma-octadecanolactone afforded only 4-bromooctadecanoic acid.Similar isomer distributions were obtained for the iodoacid homologs.Hydrochloric acid (37percent) was far less effective in opening the lactone rings, and also in inducing rearrangement of the chlorine atoms introduced.Differences in entropy and in solvation appear to be the main factors contributing to the variations observed among isomeric lactones.
We¡¯ll also look at important developments in the pharmaceutical industry because understanding organic chemistry is important in understanding health, medicine, the role of 105-21-5, and how the biochemistry of the body works.Application of 105-21-5
Reference£º
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem