Month: February 2023

Metabolic significance of bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress in rat urine measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was written by Cho, Sung-Hee;Choi, Man Ho;Kwon, Oh Seung;Lee, Won-Yong;Chung, Bong Chul. And the article was included in Journal of Applied Toxicology in 2009.Formula: C10H14N2O6 This article mentions the following:

Modified nucleosides are formed by DNA repair as a result of oxidative DNA damage and post-transcriptionally modified tRNA in cells. In the present study, the profiling of 14 nucleosides was investigated in rat urine to evaluate bisphenol A (BPA)-induced oxidative stress after i.p. injecting rats with 0, 10, or 50 mg kg^-1 per day of BPA for 4 consecutive days. The urinary concentrations of individual nucleosides were measured by liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry combined with column switching online extraction Increased levels of 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (P < 0.01 on first, P < 0.005 on second, P < 0.001 on third, and P < 0.01 on fourth day) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (P < 0.005 on second, P < 0.001 on third, and P < 0.001 on fourth day) were found. Also, the patterns of urinary nucleosides in 3 dosage groups (control, BPA1, BPA2) were significantly different. Statistical significance was observed between BPA1 (5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine, P < 0.05; 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, P < 0.005) and BPA2 (5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyurindine, P < 0.005; 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, P < 0.001) during the treatment period. Supervised anal. with partial least-squares-discrimination anal. led to discrimination between the 3 dosage groups. Quant. alterations showed the metabolic trajectories responsible for physiol. responses. The described methods could be used to evaluate and monitor BPA-induced oxidatives stress early after exposure. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 2140-69-4Formula: C10H14N2O6).

1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 2140-69-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Formula: C10H14N2O6

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Molecular marker identification for relapse prediction in 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric and colorectal cancers was written by Ishida, Kazushige;Nishizuka, Satoshi S.;Chiba, Takehiro;Ikeda, Miyuki;Kume, Kohei;Endo, Fumitaka;Katagiri, Hirokatsu;Matsuo, Teppei;Noda, Hironobu;Iwaya, Takeshi;Yamada, Noriyuki;Fujiwara, Hisataka;Takahashi, Masanori;Itabashi, Tetsuya;Uesugi, Noriyuki;Maesawa, Chihaya;Tamura, Gen;Sugai, Tamotsu;Otsuka, Koki;Koeda, Keisuke;Wakabayashi, Go. And the article was included in PLoS One in 2012.Application of 3094-09-5 This article mentions the following:

To confirm the clin. significance of NF-κB and JNK protein expression from exptl. identified candidates for predicting prognosis for patients with 5-FU treatment, we evaluated the protein expression of surgically removed specimens. A total of 79 specimens were obtained from 30 gastric and 49 colorectal cancer patients who underwent R0 resection followed by postoperative 5-FU based adjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochem. examinations of NF-κB and JNK on tissue microarrays (TMAs) revealed that significantly shorter time-to-relapse (TTR) in both NF-κB(+) and JNK(-) subgroups in both gastric (NF-κB(+), p = 0.0002, HR11.7, 95%CI3 3.2-43.4; JNK(-), p = 0.0302, HR4.4, 95%CI 1.2-16.6) and colon (NF-κB(+), p = 0.0038, HR36.9, 95%CI 3.2-426.0; JNK(-), p = 0.0098, HR3.2, 95%CI 1.3-7.7) cancers. These protein expression patterns also show strong discriminately power in gastric cancer patients for overall survival rate, suggesting a potential utility as prognostic or chemosensitivity markers. Baseline expression of these proteins using gastric cancer cell lines demonstrated the reciprocal patterns between NF-κB and JNK, while 5-FU exposure of these cell lines only induced NF-κB, suggesting that NF-κB plays a dominant role in the response to 5-FU. Subsequent siRNA experiments confirmed that gene knockdown of NF-κB increased 5-FU-specific sensitivity, whereas that of JNK did not affect the chemosensitivity. These results suggest that the expression of these proteins may aid in the decisions involved with adjuvant chemotherapy for gastrointestinal tract cancers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 3094-09-5Application of 3094-09-5).

1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 3094-09-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Application of 3094-09-5

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Proline Oxidation Supports Mitochondrial ATP Production When Complex I Is Inhibited was written by Pallag, Gergely;Nazarian, Sara;Ravasz, Dora;Bui, David;Komlodi, Timea;Doerrier, Carolina;Gnaiger, Erich;Seyfried, Thomas N.;Chinopoulos, Christos. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Sciences in 2022.Quality Control of Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid This article mentions the following:

The oxidation of proline to pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) leads to the transfer of electrons to ubiquinone in mitochondria that express proline dehydrogenase (ProDH). This electron transfer supports Complexes CIII and CIV, thus generating the protonmotive force. Further catabolism of P5C forms glutamate, which fuels the citric acid cycle that yields the reducing equivalent that sustain oxidative phosphorylation. However, P5C and glutamate catabolism depend on CI activity due to NAD+ requirements. NextGen-O2k (Oroboros Instruments) was used to measure proline oxidation in isolated mitochondria of various mouse tissues. Simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption, membrane potential, NADH, and the ubiquinone redox state were correlated to ProDH activity and F1FO-ATPase directionality. Proline catabolism generated a sufficiently high membrane potential that was able to maintain the F1FO-ATPase operation in the forward mode. This was observed in CI-inhibited mouse liver and kidney mitochondria that exhibited high levels of proline oxidation and ProDH activity. This action was not observed under anoxia or when either CIII or CIV were inhibited. The duroquinone fueling of CIII and CIV partially reproduced the effects of proline. Excess glutamate, however, could not reproduce the proline effect, suggesting that processes upstream of the glutamate conversion from proline were involved. The ProDH inhibitors tetrahydro-2-furoic acid and, to a lesser extent, S-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylic acid abolished all proline effects. The data show that ProDH-directed proline catabolism could generate sufficient CIII and CIV proton pumping, thus supporting ATP production by the F1FO-ATPase even under CI inhibition. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2Quality Control of Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is primarily used as a precursor to polymers including for surface coating, adhesives, and printing inks.Quality Control of Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Cardioprotection effect of Yiqi-Huoxue-Jiangzhuo formula in a chronic kidney disease mouse model associated with gut microbiota modulation and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition was written by Liu, Tongtong;Lu, Xiaoguang;Gao, Wenya;Zhai, Yuanyuan;Li, Han;Li, Shangheng;Yang, Liping;Ma, Fang;Zhan, Yongli;Mao, Huimin. And the article was included in Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy in 2022.Formula: C10H13N5O5 This article mentions the following:

The pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease mediated by chronic kidney disease (CKD) are key research questions. Specifically, the mechanisms underlying the cardiorenal protective effect of Yiqi-Huoxue-Jiangzhuo formula (YHJF), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, have not yet been clarified. A classical CKD mouse model was constructed by 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) to study the effects of YHJF intervention on 5/6 Nx mice cardiorenal function, gut microbial composition, gut-derived metabolites, and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways. YHJF improved cardiac dysfunction and reversed left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial hypertrophy, and interstitial fibrosis in 5/6 Nx mice. In addition, YHJF inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and downregulated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β both in the heart and serum; reconstitution of the intestinal flora imbalance was also found in 5/6 Nx mice treated with YHJF. Spearman’s correlation and redundancy analyses showed that changes in the intestinal flora of 5/6 Nx mice were related to clin. phenotype and serum inflammatory levels. Treatment with YHJF effectively protected the heart function of 5/6 Nx mice; this effect was attributed to inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation of intestinal microbial composition and derived metabolites. YHJF has potential for improving intestinal flora imbalance and gut-derived toxin accumulation in patients with CKD, thereby preventing cardiovascular complications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-9-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 118-00-3Formula: C10H13N5O5).

2-Amino-9-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 118-00-3) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Tetrahydrofuran has many industry uses as a solvent including in natural and synthetic resins, high polymers, fat oils, rubber, polymer. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is primarily used as a precursor to polymers including for surface coating, adhesives, and printing inks.Formula: C10H13N5O5

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Comprehensive profiling of ribonucleosides modification by affinity zirconium oxide-silica composite monolithic column online solid-phase microextraction – Mass spectrometry analysis was written by Jiang, Han-Peng;Chu, Jie-Mei;Lan, Meng-Dan;Liu, Ping;Yang, Na;Zheng, Fang;Yuan, Bi-Feng;Feng, Yu-Qi. And the article was included in Journal of Chromatography A in 2016.SDS of cas: 2140-69-4 This article mentions the following:

More than 140 modified ribonucleosides have been identified in RNA. Determination of endogenous modified ribonucleosides in biol. fluids may serve as non-invasive disease diagnostic strategy. However, detection of the modified ribonucleosides in biol. fluids is challenging, especially for the low abundant modified ribonucleosides due to the serious matrix interferences of biol. fluids. Here, we developed a facile preparation strategy and successfully synthesized zirconium oxide-silica (ZrO₂/SiO₂) composite capillary monolithic column that exhibited excellent performance for the selective enrichment of cis-diol-containing compounds Compared with the boronate-based affinity monolith, the ZrO₂/SiO₂ monolith showed ∼2 orders of magnitude higher extraction capacity and can be used under physiol. pH (pH 6.5-7.5). Using the prepared ZrO₂/SiO₂ composite monolith as the trapping column and reversed-phase C18 column as the anal. column, we further established an online solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in combination with liquid chromatog.-mass spectrometry (online SPME-LC-MS/MS) anal. for the comprehensive profiling of ribonucleosides modification in human urine. Our results showed that 68 cis-diol-containing ribosylated compounds were identified in human urine, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest numbers of cis-diol-containing compounds were determined in a single anal. It is worth noting that four modified ribonucleosides were discovered in the human urine for the first time. In addition, the quantification results from the pooled urine samples showed that compared to healthy controls, the contents of sixteen ribose conjugates in the urine of gastric cancer, eleven in esophagus cancer and seven in lymphoma increased more than two folds. Among these ribose conjugates, four ribose conjugates increased more than two folds in both gastric cancer and esophagus cancer; three ribose conjugates increased more than two folds in both gastric cancer and lymphoma; one ribose conjugate increased more than two folds in both esophagus cancer and lymphoma. The developed anal. method provides a good platform to study the modified ribonucleosides in human body fluids. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 2140-69-4SDS of cas: 2140-69-4).

1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (cas: 2140-69-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.SDS of cas: 2140-69-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Translational landscape and metabolic characteristics of the etiolated tea plant (Camellia sinensis) was written by Zhang, Chenyu;Liu, Guizhi;Chen, Jianjiao;Xie, Nianci;Huang, Jianan;Shen, Chengwen. And the article was included in Scientia Horticulturae (Amsterdam, Netherlands) in 2022.Safety of N6-(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine This article mentions the following:

Albino tea plants (Camellia sinensis, Atps) are among the most attractive germplasm resources because of their unique phenotype and flavor. Although previous studies have extensively investigated the transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms in Atps, the lack of research at the translational level hinders the understanding of translation control and multi-omics integration. Here, we integrated the transcriptome, translatome, and metabolome to study the global translation and its effect on the metabolic characteristics of Atps. Comparative anal. of RNA-seq and Ribo-seq datasets indicated that 4,295 genes were expressed as synergic responses in etiolated leaves and were mainly enriched in the carbon metabolism and phytohormone pathways. Further integration-omics analyses revealed that the HY5 gene was upregulated at both the transcription and translation levels and repressed chlorophyll biosynthesis and flavonoids metabolism due to low levels of indole acetic acid and auxin response factors. Moreover, sequence characterizations (guanine-cytosine (GC) content, length, and normalized minimal free energy (NMFE)) highly influenced the translational efficiencies (TE) of genes and upstream open reading frames (uORFs), and a higher quantity of uORFs and TE were observed in EL, inhibiting the expression of downstream genes. In summary, we demonstrated that translation regulation contributes to causing leaf color variation and provided a valuable method for exploring the potential regulatory mechanisms controlling phytohormones that affect crop quality using multi-omics technol. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N6-(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine (cas: 7724-76-7Safety of N6-(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine).

N6-(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine (cas: 7724-76-7) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Safety of N6-(3-Methyl-2-butenyl)adenosine

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Antibodies raised against the adenosine receptor agonist, 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) was written by Nakata, Hiroyasu. And the article was included in Journal of Biochemistry in 1993.Formula: C10H13N5O2 This article mentions the following:

Antisera against the nonselective adenosine receptor agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) were raised by immunizing rabbits with NECA-coupled bovine serum albumin. The antisera which bind [³H]NECA with high affinity were purified by affinity chromatog. using NECA-coupled Sepharose as the affinity gel without significant changes in [³H]NECA-binding properties. The order of the affinity for various adenosine receptor ligands of the purified or unpurified antisera was 5′-N-cyclopropylcarboxamidoadenosine ≥ NECA>2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine>2-chloroadenosine > theophylline > IBMX > (R)-N⁶-phenylisopropyladenosine = N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine. The specificity was similar to that of the nonreceptor NECA-binding sites, which had been found in various tissues such as human placetas and mouse P815 mastocytoma cells, rather than to that of adenosine receptors. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol (cas: 6698-26-6Formula: C10H13N5O2).

(2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol (cas: 6698-26-6) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Formula: C10H13N5O2

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Synthesis of L-3′-hydroxymethylribonucleosides was written by Cooperwood, John S.;Boyd, Vincent;Gumina, Giuseppe;Chu, Chung K.. And the article was included in Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids in 2000.Name: (3aS,5S,6R,6aS)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ol This article mentions the following:

The target compounds, e.g. I, were synthesized via the key intermediate carbohydrate II, which was synthesized by first selectively protecting the 1′- and 2′-hydroxyl groups followed by selective tosylation of the 5′-hydroxyl group, Dess-Martin oxidation, Wittig olefination, and regioselective hydroboration. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV-1 and anti-HBV activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 2.2.15 cells; no significant antiviral activity was detected up to 100 μM and 10 μM, resp. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (3aS,5S,6R,6aS)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ol (cas: 114861-22-2Name: (3aS,5S,6R,6aS)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ol).

(3aS,5S,6R,6aS)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ol (cas: 114861-22-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Tetrahydrofuran has many industry uses as a solvent including in natural and synthetic resins, high polymers, fat oils, rubber, polymer. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Name: (3aS,5S,6R,6aS)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyltetrahydrofuro[2,3-d][1,3]dioxol-6-ol

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Hindered dialkyl ether synthesis with electrogenerated carbocations was written by Xiang, Jinbao;Shang, Ming;Kawamata, Yu;Lundberg, Helena;Reisberg, Solomon H.;Chen, Miao;Mykhailiuk, Pavel;Beutner, Gregory;Collins, Michael R.;Davies, Alyn;Del Bel, Matthew;Gallego, Gary M.;Spangler, Jillian E.;Starr, Jeremy;Yang, Shouliang;Blackmond, Donna G.;Baran, Phil S.. And the article was included in Nature (London, United Kingdom) in 2019.HPLC of Formula: 16874-33-2 This article mentions the following:

Hindered ethers are of high value for various applications; however, they remain an underexplored area of chem. space because they are difficult to synthesize via conventional reactions. Such motifs are highly coveted in medicinal chem., because extensive substitution about the ether bond prevents unwanted metabolic processes that can lead to rapid degradation in vivo. Here we report a simple route towards the synthesis of hindered ethers, in which electrochem. oxidation is used to liberate high-energy carbocations from simple carboxylic acids. These reactive carbocation intermediates, which are generated with low electrochem. potentials, capture an alc. donor under non-acidic conditions; this enables the formation of a range of ethers (more than 80 have been prepared here) that would otherwise be difficult to access. The carbocations can also be intercepted by simple nucleophiles, leading to the formation of hindered alcs. and even alkyl fluorides. This method was evaluated for its ability to circumvent the synthetic bottlenecks encountered in the preparation of 12 chem. scaffolds, leading to higher yields of the required products, in addition to substantial reductions in the number of steps and the amount of labor required to prepare them. The use of mol. probes and the results of kinetic studies support the proposed mechanism and the role of additives under the conditions examined The reaction manifold that we report here demonstrates the power of electrochem. to access highly reactive intermediates under mild conditions and, in turn, the substantial improvements in efficiency that can be achieved with these otherwise-inaccessible intermediates. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2HPLC of Formula: 16874-33-2).

Tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid (cas: 16874-33-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. Tetrahydrofuran can also be produced, or synthesised, via catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This process involves converting certain sugars into THF by digesting to furfural. An alternative to this method is the catalytic hydrogenation of furan with a nickel catalyst.HPLC of Formula: 16874-33-2

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Specific role of taurine in the 8-brominated-2′-deoxyguanosine formation was written by Asahi, Takashi;Nakamura, Yoshimasa;Kato, Yoji;Osawa, Toshihiko. And the article was included in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics in 2015.Name: 2-Amino-8-bromo-9-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one This article mentions the following:

At the sites of inflammation, hypohalous acids, such as hypochlorous acid and hypobromous acid (HOBr), are produced by myeloperoxidase. These hypohalous acids rapidly react with the primary amino groups to produce haloamines, which are relatively stable and can diffuse long distances and cross the plasma membrane. In this study, we examined the effects of taurine, the most abundant free amino acid in the leukocyte cytosol, on the hypohalous acid-dependent formation of 8-chloro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-CldG) and 8-bromo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-BrdG). The reaction of taurine with HOBr yielded taurine bromamine, which is the most stable among other bromamines of amino acids. Taurine also enhanced the bromination of only dG among the four 2′-deoxynucleosides, whereas it inhibited the 8-CldG formation. The specificity of taurine for the enhanced formation of halogenated dG is completely different from that of nicotine, an enhancer of chlorination. The amount of dibrominated taurine (taurine dibromamine) closely correlated with the formation of 8-BrdG, suggesting that taurine dibromamine might be a plausible mediator for the dG bromination in vivo. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Amino-8-bromo-9-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 13389-03-2Name: 2-Amino-8-bromo-9-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one).

2-Amino-8-bromo-9-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one (cas: 13389-03-2) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. THF can also be synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This allows certain sugars to be converted to THF via acid-catalyzed digestion to furfural and decarbonylation to furan, although this method is not widely practiced. THF is thus derivable from renewable resources.Name: 2-Amino-8-bromo-9-((2R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-purin-6(9H)-one

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem