Primary cilia elongation in response to interleukin-1 mediates the inflammatory response was written by Wann, A. K. T.;Knight, M. M.. And the article was included in Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences in 2012.Formula: C10H13N5O2 This article mentions the following:
Primary cilia are singular, cytoskeletal organelles present in the majority of mammalian cell types where they function as coordinating centers for mechanotransduction, Wnt and hedgehog signalling. The length of the primary cilium is proposed to modulate cilia function, governed in part by the activity of intraflagellar transport (IFT). In articular cartilage, primary cilia length is increased and hedgehog signaling activated in osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examine primary cilia length with exposure to the quintessential inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), which is up-regulated in OA. We then test the hypothesis that the cilium is involved in mediating the downstream inflammatory response. Primary chondrocytes treated with IL-1 exhibited a 50 % increase in cilia length after 3 h exposure. IL-1-induced cilia elongation was also observed in human fibroblasts. In chondrocytes, this elongation occurred via a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism. G-protein coupled adenylate cyclase also regulated the length of chondrocyte primary cilia but not downstream of IL-1. Chondrocytes treated with IL-1 exhibit a characteristic increase in the release of the inflammatory chemokines, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2. However, in cells with a mutation in IFT88 whereby the cilia structure is lost, this response to IL-1 was significantly attenuated and, in the case of nitric oxide, completely abolished. Inhibition of IL-1-induced cilia elongation by PKA inhibition also attenuated the chemokine response. These results suggest that cilia assembly regulates the response to inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the cilia proteome may provide a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory pathologies, including OA. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol (cas: 6698-26-6Formula: C10H13N5O2).
(2R,3S,5R)-5-(6-Amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-2-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol (cas: 6698-26-6) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a Lewis base that bonds to a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, triethylaluminum and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II). Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Formula: C10H13N5O2
Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem