Day: November 22, 2022

Activation of AMPK inhibits inflammation in MRL/lpr mouse mesangial cells was written by Peairs, A.;Radjavi, A.;Davis, S.;Li, L.;Ahmed, A.;Giri, S.;Reilly, C. M.. And the article was included in Clinical and Experimental Immunology in 2009.Synthetic Route of C11H13IN4O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Recent reports show that 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside (AICAR), a pharmacol. activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibits the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines. MRL/MPJ-Fas^lpr (MRL/lpr) mice show an intrinsic decreased threshold for the production of inflammatory mediators when stimulated. In our current studies, we sought to determine if AMPK activation would inhibit inflammatory mediator production in stimulated kidney mesangial cells. Cultured mesangial cells from MRL/lpr mice were treated with AICAR and stimulated with LPS/interferon (IFN)-γ. AICAR decreased dose-dependently inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-6 production in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated mesangial cells. Mechanistically, AICAR inhibited the LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated PI3K/Akt signalling inflammatory cascade but did not affect LPS/IFN-γ-mediated inhibitory kappa B phosphorylation or nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) nuclear translocation. Treatment with the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5′-iodotubercidin blocked the ability of AICAR to activate AMPK and prevented AICAR from inhibiting the LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated PI3K/Akt pathway and attenuating iNOS expression. Taken together, these observations suggest that AICAR inhibits LPS/IFN-γ-induced Akt phosphorylation through AMPK activation and may serve as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Synthetic Route of C11H13IN4O4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is a stable compound with relatively low boiling point and excellent solvency. It is more basic than diethyl ether and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.Synthetic Route of C11H13IN4O4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Identifying new antiepileptic drugs through genomics-based drug repurposing was written by Mirza, Nasir;Sills, Greame J.;Pirmohamed, Munir;Marson, Anthony G.. And the article was included in Human Molecular Genetics in 2017.COA of Formula: C11H13IN4O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) fail to control seizures in 30% of patients. Genomics-based drug repurposing (GBR) offers the potential of savings in the time and cost of developing new AEDs. In the current study, we used published data and software to identify the transcriptomic signature of chornic temporal lobe epilepsy and the drugs that reverse it. After filtering out compounds based on exclusion criteria, such as toxicity, 36 drugs were retained. 11 of the 36 drugs identified (>30%) have published evidence of the antiepileptic efficacy (for example, curcumin) or antiepileptogenic affect (for example, atorvastatin) in recognized rodent models or patients. By objectively annotating all ∼20,000 compounds in the LINCS database as either having published evidence of antiepileptic efficacy or lacking such evidence, we demonstrated that our set of repurposable drugs is ∼6-fold more enriched with drugs having published evidence of antiepileptic efficacy in animal models than expected by chance (P-value <0.006). Further, we showed that another of our GBR-identified drugs, the commonly-used well-tolerated antihyperglycemic sitagliptin, produces a dose-dependent reduction in seizures in a mouse model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. In conclusion, GBR successfully identifies compounds with antiepileptic efficacy in animal models and, hence, it is an appealing methodol. for the discovery of potential AEDs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4COA of Formula: C11H13IN4O4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), or oxolane, is mainly used as a precursor to polymers. Being polar and having a wide liquid range, THF is a versatile solvent. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.COA of Formula: C11H13IN4O4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Identification of anti-proliferative kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents to treat canine osteosarcoma was written by Mauchle, Ulrike;Selvarajah, Gayathri T.;Mol, Jan A.;Kirpensteijn, Jolle;Verheije, Monique H.. And the article was included in Veterinary Journal in 2015.Computed Properties of C11H13IN4O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in dogs but various forms of therapy have not significantly improved clin. outcomes. As dysregulation of kinase activity is often present in tumors, kinases represent attractive mol. targets for cancer therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify novel compounds targeting kinases with the potential to induce cell death in a panel of canine osteosarcoma cell lines. The ability of 80 well-characterized kinase inhibitor compounds to inhibit the proliferation of four canine osteosarcoma cell lines was investigated in vitro. For those compounds with activity, the mechanism of action and capability to potentiate the activity of doxorubicin was further evaluated.The screening showed 22 different kinase inhibitors that induced significant anti-proliferative effects across the four canine osteosarcoma cell lines investigated. Four of these compounds (RO 31-8220, 5-iodotubercidin, BAY 11-7082 and an erbstatin analog) showed significant cell growth inhibitory effects across all cell lines in association with variable induction of apoptosis. RO 31-8220 and 5-iodotubercidin showed the highest ability to potentiate the effects of doxorubicin on cell viability. In conclusion, the present study identified several potent kinase inhibitors targeting the PKC, CK1, PKA, ErbB2, mTOR and NF-κB pathways, which may warrant further investigations for the treatment of osteosarcoma in dogs. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Computed Properties of C11H13IN4O4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. Tetrahydrofuran reaction with hydrogen sulfide: In the presence of a solid acid catalyst, tetrahydrofuran reacts with hydrogen sulfide to give tetrahydrothiophene.Computed Properties of C11H13IN4O4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Susceptibility to seizure-induced sudden death in DBA/2 mice is altered by adenosine was written by Faingold, Carl L.;Randall, Marc;Kommajosyula, Srinivasa P.. And the article was included in Epilepsy Research in 2016.Synthetic Route of C11H13IN4O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is rare but is an important public health burden due to the number of patient years lost. Respiratory dysfunction following generalized convulsive seizure is a common sequence of events in witnessed SUDEP cases. The DBA/2 mouse model of SUDEP exhibits generalized convulsive audiogenic seizures (AGSz), which result in seizure-induced respiratory arrest (S-IRA) in ∼75% of these animals, while the remaining DBA/2 mice exhibit AGSz without S-IRA. SUDEP induction may involve actions of adenosine, which is released during generalized seizures in animals and patients and is known to depress respiration. This study examined the effects of systemic administration of agents that alter the actions of adenosine on the incidence of S-IRA in DBA/2 mice. DBA/2 mice that consistently exhibited AGSz without S-IRA showed a significantly increased incidence of S-IRA following treatment with 5-iodotubercidin, which blocks adenosine metabolism Treatment of DBA/2 mice that consistently exhibited AGSz followed by S-IRA with a non-selective adenosine antagonist, caffeine, or an A2_A adenosine receptor subtype-selective antagonist (SCH 442416) significantly reduced S-IRA incidence. By contrast, an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist (DPCPX) was not effective in reducing S-IRA incidence. These findings suggest that preventative approaches for SUDEP should consider agents that reduce the actions of adenosine. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Synthetic Route of C11H13IN4O4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Tetrahydrofuran reaction with hydrogen sulfide: In the presence of a solid acid catalyst, tetrahydrofuran reacts with hydrogen sulfide to give tetrahydrothiophene.Synthetic Route of C11H13IN4O4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Bromo-deaza-SAH: A potent and selective DOT1L inhibitor was written by Yu, Wenyu;Smil, David;Li, Fengling;Tempel, Wolfram;Fedorov, Oleg;Nguyen, Kong T.;Bolshan, Yuri;Al-Awar, Rima;Knapp, Stefan;Arrowsmith, Cheryl H.;Vedadi, Masoud;Brown, Peter J.;Schapira, Matthieu. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry in 2013.Application of 24386-93-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Chem. inhibition of proteins involved in chromatin-mediated signaling is an emerging strategy to control chromatin compaction with the aim to reprogram expression networks to alter disease states. Protein methyltransferases constitute one of the protein families that participate in epigenetic control of gene expression, and represent a novel therapeutic target class. Recruitment of the protein lysine methyltransferase DOT1L at aberrant loci is a frequent mechanism driving acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, particularly in infants, and pharmacol. inhibition of DOT1L extends survival in a mouse model of mixed lineage leukemia. A better understanding of the structural chem. of DOT1L inhibition would accelerate the development of improved compounds Here, we report that the addition of a single halogen atom at a critical position in the cofactor product S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH, an inhibitor of SAM-dependent methyltransferases) results in an 8-fold increase in potency against DOT1L, and reduced activities against other protein and non-protein methyltransferases. We solved the crystal structure of DOT1L in complex with Bromo-deaza-SAH and rationalized the observed effects. This discovery reveals a simple strategy to engineer selectivity and potency towards DOT1L into the adenosine scaffold of the cofactor shared by all methyltransferases, and can be exploited towards the development of clin. candidates against mixed lineage leukemia. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Application of 24386-93-4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Tetrahydrofuran can also be produced, or synthesised, via catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This process involves converting certain sugars into THF by digesting to furfural. An alternative to this method is the catalytic hydrogenation of furan with a nickel catalyst.Application of 24386-93-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

A multimodal deep learning-based drug repurposing approach for treatment of COVID-19 was written by Hooshmand, Seyed Aghil;Zarei Ghobadi, Mohadeseh;Hooshmand, Seyyed Emad;Azimzadeh Jamalkandi, Sadegh;Alavi, Seyed Mehdi;Masoudi-Nejad, Ali. And the article was included in Molecular Diversity in 2021.Application of 2492423-29-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Abstract: Recently, various computational methods have been proposed to find new therapeutic applications of the existing drugs. The Multimodal Restricted Boltzmann Machine approach (MM-RBM), which has the capability to connect the information about the multiple modalities, can be applied to the problem of drug repurposing. The present study utilized MM-RBM to combine two types of data, including the chem. structures data of small mols. and differentially expressed genes as well as small mols. perturbations. In the proposed method, two sep. RBMs were applied to find out the features and the specific probability distribution of each datum (modality). Besides, RBM was used to integrate the discovered features, resulting in the identification of the probability distribution of the combined data. The results demonstrated the significance of the clusters acquired by our model. These clusters were used to discover the medicines which were remarkably similar to the proposed medications to treat COVID-19. Moreover, the chem. structures of some small mols. as well as dysregulated genes’ effect led us to suggest using these mols. to treat COVID-19. The results also showed that the proposed method might prove useful in detecting the highly promising remedies for COVID-19 with min. side effects. All the source codes are accessible using https://github.com/LBBSoft/Multimodal-Drug-Repurposing.git Graphic abstract: [graphic not available: see fulltext]. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Application of 2492423-29-5).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a Lewis base that bonds to a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, triethylaluminum and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)copper(II). Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Application of 2492423-29-5

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Screening of protein kinase inhibitors identifies PKC inhibitors as inhibitors of osteoclastic acid secretion and bone resorption was written by Soerensen, Mette G.;Karsdal, Morten A.;Dziegiel, Morten H.;Boutin, Jean A.;Nosjean, Olivier;Henriksen, Kim. And the article was included in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders in 2010.Related Products of 24386-93-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background: Bone resorption is initiated by osteoclastic acidification of the resorption lacunae. This process is mediated by secretion of protons through the V-ATPase and chloride through the chloride antiporter ClC-7. To shed light on the intracellular signalling controlling extracellular acidification, we screened a protein kinase inhibitor library in human osteoclasts. Methods: Human osteoclasts were generated from CD14+ monocytes. The effect of different kinase inhibitors on lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts was investigated using acridine orange for different incubation times (45 min, 4 and 24 h). The inhibitors were tested in an acid influx assay using microsomes isolated from human osteoclasts. Bone resorption by human osteoclasts on bone slices was measured by calcium release. Cell viability was measured using AlamarBlue. Results: Of the 51 compounds investigated only few inhibitors were pos. in both acidification and resorption assays. Rottlerin, GF109203X, Hypericin and Ro31-8220 inhibited acid influx in microsomes and bone resorption, while Sphingosine and Palmitoyl–carnitine-Cl showed low levels of inhibition. Rottlerin inhibited lysosomal acidification in human osteoclasts potently. Conclusions: In conclusion, a group of inhibitors all indicated to inhibit PKC reduced acidification in human osteoclasts, and thereby bone resorption, indicating that acid secretion by osteoclasts may be specifically regulated by PKC in osteoclasts. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Related Products of 24386-93-4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Related Products of 24386-93-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Highly sensitive high-performance thin-layer chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of molnupiravir, favipiravir, and ritonavir in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations was written by Saraya, Roshdy E.;Deeb, Sami El;Salman, Baher I.;Ibrahim, Adel Ehab. And the article was included in Journal of Separation Science in 2022.Computed Properties of C13H19N3O7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir have been recently approved as the first oral antivirals for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 viral infections. Their combination was reported in several clin. studies, alternatively, to enhance the viral eradication and improve patient’s recovery times and rates. Being all orally administered, therefore, the development of new sensitive and validated methodologies for their simultaneous determination is a necessitate. In the proposed research, a sensitive, selective, and simple high-performance thin layer chromatog. method was developed and validated for determination of favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir. Silica gel 60F254 thin layer chromatog. plates were used as stationary phase for this separation using mobile phase composed of methylene chloride:ethyl acetate:methanol:25% ammonia (6:3:4:1, volume/volume/volume/volume). Densitometric detection was performed at wavelength 289 nm. Peaks of favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir were resolved at retention factors 0.22, 0.42, and 0.63, resp. The proposed method was found linear within the specified ranges of 3.75-100.00μg/mL for molnupiravir and favipiravir, and 2.75-100.00μg/mL for ritonavir. Limits of detection were found to be 1.12, 1.21, and 0.89μg/mL for favipiravir, molnupiravir, and ritonavir, resp. This is the first method to be reported for the simultaneous determination of the cited three antiviral drugs. The method was assessed on novel greenness metrics. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Computed Properties of C13H19N3O7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. It is more basic than diethyl ether and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.Computed Properties of C13H19N3O7

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

First-generation oral antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 was written by Sendi, Parham;Razonable, Raymund R.;Nelson, Sandra B.;Soriano, Alex;Gandhi, Rajesh Tim. And the article was included in Clinical Microbiology and Infection in 2022.Application of 2492423-29-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. Oral drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have received emergency use authorization for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients who are at high risk for clin. progression.To provide a clin. practice overview of first-generation oral antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, medRxiv, regulatory drug agencies, and pharmaceutical companies’ websites up to 16 Feb. 2022.Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir and ritonavir have been authorized for use in nonhospitalized individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for progression. In clin. trials, molnupiravir reduced the frequency of hospitalization or death by 3% (relative risk reduction 30%), and nirmatrelvir and ritonavir by 6% (relative risk reduction 89%). Their use in clin. practice requires early administration, review of drug-drug interactions (nirmatrelvir and ritonavir), considerations of embryo-fetal toxicity (molnupiravir), and compliance with ingestion of a high number of pills. Knowledge gaps include the efficacy of these agents in vaccinated, hospitalized, or immunosuppressed individuals with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 persistence.First-generation oral antivirals represent progress in therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, but also pose new challenges in clin. practice. Further advances in the development of new drugs are required. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Application of 2492423-29-5).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Application of 2492423-29-5

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

The development and validation of a novel LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of Molnupiravir and its metabolite ss-d-N4-hydroxycytidine in human plasma and saliva was written by Amara, Alieu;Penchala, Sujan Dilly;Else, Laura;Hale, Colin;FitzGerald, Richard;Walker, Lauren;Lyons, Rebecca;Fletcher, Tom;Khoo, Saye. And the article was included in Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis in 2021.Category: tetrahydrofurans The following contents are mentioned in the article:

In light of the recent global pandemic, Molnupiravir (MPV) or EIDD-2801, developed for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated influenza, is now being trialed for the treatment of infections caused by highly pathogenic coronaviruses, including COVID-19. A sensitive LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of MPV and its metabolite ss-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) in human plasma and saliva. The analytes were extracted from the matrixes by protein precipitation using acetonitrile. This was followed by drying and subsequently injecting the reconstituted solutions onto the column. Chromatog. separation was achieved using a polar Atlantis C₁₈ column with gradient elution of 1 mM Ammonium acetate in water (pH 4.3) and 1 mM Ammonium acetate in acetonitrile. Analyte detection was conducted in neg. ionization mode using SRM. Anal. was performed using stable isotopically labeled (SIL) internal standards (IS). The m/z transitions were: MPV (328.1→126.0), NHC (258.0→125.9), and MPV-SIL (331.0→129.0), NHC-SIL (260.9→128.9). Validation was over a linear range of 2.5-5000 ng/mL for both plasma and saliva. Across 4 different concentrations, precision and accuracy (intra- and inter-day) were 15%; and recovery of both analytes from plasma and saliva was 95-100% and 65-86%, resp. Clin. pharmacokinetic studies are underway utilizing this method for determination of MPV and its metabolite in patients with COVID-19 infection. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Category: tetrahydrofurans).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is a stable compound with relatively low boiling point and excellent solvency. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.Category: tetrahydrofurans

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem