Day: November 22, 2022

Inhibition of Adenosine Kinase Attenuates Acute Lung Injury* was written by Koehler, David;Streienberger, Ariane;Morote-Garcia, Julio C.;Granja, Tiago F.;Schneider, Mariella;Straub, Andreas;Boison, Detlev;Rosenberger, Peter. And the article was included in Critical Care Medicine in 2016.Formula: C11H13IN4O4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Objectives: Extracellular adenosine has tissue-protective potential in several conditions. Adenosine levels are regulated by a close interplay between nucleoside transporters and adenosine kinase. On the basis of the evidence of the role of adenosine kinase in regulating adenosine levels during hypoxia, we evaluated the effect of adenosine kinase on lung injury. Furthermore, we tested the influence of a pharmacol. approach to blocking adenosine kinase on the extent of lung injury. Design: Prospective exptl. animal study. Setting: University-based research laboratory Subjects: In vitro cell lines, wild-type and adenosine kinase mice. Interventions: We tested the expression of adenosine kinase during inflammatory stimulation in vitro and in a model of lipopolysaccharide inhalation in vivo. Studies using the adenosine kinase promoter were performed in vitro. Wild-type and adenosine kinase mice were subjected to lipopolysaccharide inhalation. Pharmacol. inhibition of adenosine kinase was performed in vitro, and its effect on adenosine uptake was evaluated. The pharmacol. inhibition was also performed in vivo, and the effect on lung injury was assessed. Measurements and main results: We observed the repression of adenosine kinase by proinflammatory cytokines and found a significant influence of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells on regulation of the adenosine kinase promoter. Mice with endogenous adenosine kinase repression (adenosine kinase) showed reduced infiltration of leukocytes into the alveolar space, decreased total protein and myeloperoxidase levels, and lower cytokine levels in the alveolar lavage fluid. The inhibition of adenosine kinase by 5-iodotubercidin increased the extracellular adenosine levels in vitro, diminished the transmigration of neutrophils, and improved the epithelial barrier function. The inhibition of adenosine kinase in vivo showed protective properties, reducing the extent of pulmonary inflammation during lung injury. Conclusions: Taken together, these data show that adenosine kinase is a valuable target for reducing the inflammatory changes associated with lung injury and should be pursued as a therapeutic option. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Formula: C11H13IN4O4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Formula: C11H13IN4O4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Efficacy of the use of mefenamic acid combined with standard medical care vs. standard medical care alone for the treatment of COVID-19: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was written by Guzman-Esquivel, Jose;Galvan-Salazar, Hector R.;Guzman-Solorzano, Hannah P.;Cuevas-Velazquez, Andrea C.;Guzman-Solorzano, Jose A.;Mokay-Ramirez, Karen A.;Paz-Michel, Brenda A.;Murillo-Zamora, Efren;Delgado-Enciso, Josuel;Melnikov, Valery;Delgado-Enciso, Osiris G.;Rodriguez-Sanchez, Iram P.;Martinez-Fierro, Margarita L.;Rojas-Larios, Fabian;Walle-Guillen, Mireya;Cardenas-Aguilar, Citlaly B.;Beas-Guzman, Oscar;Chaviano-Conesa, Daniel;Garcia-Garcia, Hossana S.;Delgado-Enciso, Ivan. And the article was included in International Journal of Molecular Medicine in 2022.Electric Literature of C13H19N3O7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Mefenamic acid is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exhibiting a wide range of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and probable antiviral activities. The present study evaluated the efficacy of treatment with mefenamic acid combined with standard medical care vs. standard medical care plus a placebo in ambulatory patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; nasal/oropharyngeal swabs reverse transcription-PCR test results pos. for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). The present study is a phase II prospective, two-arm, parallel-group, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clin. trial which analyzed 36 patients. Two aspects were evaluated during the 14-day follow-up period: (i) The time for reaching a patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and (ii) the last day of each COVID-19 symptom presentation. Adverse effects were evaluated. The clin. severity for all the patients in the study was mild (88.9%) and moderate (11.1%). The control (placebo) group achieved PASS on day 8.0±1.3, compared with day 4.4±0.8 in the mefenamic acid group (P=0.020, Kaplan-Meier analyses using log-rank tests). Patients that received mefenamic acid plus standard medical care had a ~16-fold higher probability of achieving PASS on day 8 (adjusted RR, 15.57; 95% CI, 1.22-198.71; P = 0.035), compared with the placebo plus stan- dard medical care group. All symptoms lasted for fewer days in the mefenamic acid group, compared with the placebo group; however, only the symptoms of headache (P = 0.008), retro-orbital eye pain (P=0.049), and sore throat (P = 0.029) exhibited statistically significant differences. The experi- mental treatment produced no severe adverse effects. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that the administration of mefenamic acid markedly reduced the symptomatol. and time to reach PASS in ambulatory patients with COVID-19. Due to its probable antiviral effects and potent anti-inflam- matory mechanisms, mefenamic acid may prove to be useful in the treatment of COVID-19, in combination with other drugs, including the new antivirals (remdesivir, molnupiravir, or favipiravir). However, future studies are also required to confirm these findings. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Electric Literature of C13H19N3O7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Electric Literature of C13H19N3O7

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Insight into the biological impact of COVID-19 and its vaccines on human health was written by Ashwlayan, Vrish Dhwaj;Antlash, Chanchal;Imran, Mohd.;Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin;Alshammari, Mohammed Kanan;Alomani, Marwa;Alzahrani, Eman;Sharma, Divya;Tomar, Ritu;Arora, Mandeep Kumar. And the article was included in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences in 2022.HPLC of Formula: 2492423-29-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

A review. COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is a contagious illness that has been declared a global epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The coronavirus causes diseases ranging in severity from the common cold to severe respiratory diseases and death. Coronavirus primarily affects blood pressure by attaching to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor. This virus has an impact on multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular system, peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, endocrine system, urinary system, skin, and pregnancy. For the prevention of COVID-19, various vaccines such as viral-like particle vaccines, entire inactivated virus vaccines, viral vector vaccines, live attenuated virus vaccines, subunit vaccines, RNA vaccines, and DNA vaccines are now available. Some of the COVID-19 vaccines are reported to cause a variety of adverse effects that range from mild to severe in nature. SARS-CoV-2 replication is controlled by the RNA-Dependent RNA-Polymerase enzyme (RdRp). The availability of FDA-approved anti-RdRp drugs (Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir) as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that tightly bind to its RdRp may aid in the treatment of patients and reduce the risk of the mysterious new form of COVID-19 viral infection. RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (an anti-Ebola virus exptl. drug) and favipiravir (an anti-influenza drug), inhibit RdRp and thus slow the progression of COVID-19 and associated clin. symptoms, as well as significantly shorten recovery time. Molnupiravir, an orally active RdRp inhibitor and noval broad spectrum antiviral agent, is an iso-Pr pro-drug of EIDD-1931 for emergency use. Galidesivir′s in vitro and in vivo activities are limited to RNA of human public health concern. Top seeds for antiviral treatments with high potential to combat the SARS-CoV-2 strain include guanosine derivatives (IDX-184), setrobuvir, and YAK. The goal of this review is to compile scattered information on available COVID-19 vaccines and other treatments for protecting the human body from their harmful effects and to provide options for making better choices in a timely manner. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5HPLC of Formula: 2492423-29-5).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is water-miscible and has a low viscosity making it a highly versatile solvent used in a variety of industries. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.HPLC of Formula: 2492423-29-5

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Physiological Concentrations of Divalent Magnesium Ion Activate the Serine/Threonine Specific Protein Kinase ERK2 was written by Waas, William F.;Dalby, Kevin N.. And the article was included in Biochemistry in 2003.Category: tetrahydrofurans The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Extracellular regulated protein kinase 2 (ERK2) is a eukaryotic protein kinase whose activity is regulated by phorbol esters, serum, and growth factors, and displays enhanced activity in several human tumors. Despite its important biol. function, its mechanism of catalysis and mode of regulation are poorly understood. Recently, we showed that in the presence of 10 mM magnesium chloride, ERK2 phosphorylates the transcription factor Ets-1 through a random-ordered ternary-complex mechanism [Waas, W. F., and Dalby, K. N. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 12532]. Now we provide kinetic evidence that ERK2 must bind two divalent magnesium ions to facilitate catalysis at a physiol. relevant rate, because a second magnesium ion promotes both MgATP^2- binding and phosphoryl transfer. The velocity dependence on magnesium at saturating concentrations of the protein substrate, EtsΔ138, over a range of ATP^4- and Mg²⁺ ion concentrations, supports the notion that magnesium is an essential activator of ERK2. At high (≥1 mM) concentrations of ATP^4-, the velocity dependence on total Mg²⁺ is sigmoidal, but plateaus at high concentrations of free Mg²⁺, where the enzyme is fully activated. At concentrations of Mg²⁺ of ≤4 mM, the velocity dependence on ATP^4- displays a peak when the concentration of ATP^4- approaches that of total Mg²⁺ and tends to zero at high concentrations of ATP^4-, where the enzyme is predominantly unactivated. The observed velocity dependencies are consistent with the notion that ERK2·EtsΔ138 complexes and ATP^4- compete for the same pool of Mg²⁺ ions in solution No binding of ATP^4- (0-2.5 mM) by ERK2 (65 μM) can be detected using isothermal titration calorimetry at 27°, pH 8.0, and an ionic strength of 0.15 M (KCl), suggesting that the complex, MgATP^2-, is the true substrate for ERK2. In contrast, 5-iodotubericidin binds ERK2 tightly (K_d = 1 μM) and displays a competitive inhibition pattern toward MgATP^2- and a mixed pattern toward free Mg²⁺, suggesting that the binding of Mg²⁺ before MgATP^2- is not compulsory. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Category: tetrahydrofurans).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. Tetrahydrofuran can also be produced, or synthesised, via catalytic hydrogenation of furan. This process involves converting certain sugars into THF by digesting to furfural. An alternative to this method is the catalytic hydrogenation of furan with a nickel catalyst.Category: tetrahydrofurans

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

LASSBio-897 reduces lung injury induced by silica particles in mice: potential interaction with the A₂A receptor was written by Carvalho, Vinicius F.;Ferreira, Tatiana P. T.;de Arantes, Ana C. S.;Noeel, Francois;Tesch, Roberta;Sant’Anna, Carlos M. R.;Barreiro, Eliezer J. L.;Fraga, Carlos A. M.;Rodrigues e Silva, Patricia M.;Martins, Marco A.. And the article was included in Frontiers in Pharmacology in 2017.Application of 24386-93-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Silicosis is a lethal fibro-granulomatous pulmonary disease highly prevalent in developing countries, for which no proper therapy is available. Among a small series of N-acylhydrazones, the safrole-derived compound LASSBio-897 (3-thienylidene-3, 4- methylenedioxybenzoylhydrazide) raised interest due to its ability to bind to the adenosine A₂A receptor. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic potential of LASSBio-897, exploring translation to a mouse model of silicosis and the A₂A receptor as a site of action. Pulmonary mechanics, inflammatory, and fibrotic changes were assessed 28 days after intranasal instillation of silica particles in Swiss-Webster mice. Glosensor cAMP HEK293G cells, CHO cells stably expressing human adenosine receptors and ligand binding assay were used to evaluate the pharmacol. properties of LASSBio-897 in vitro. Mol. docking studies of LASSBio-897 were performed using the genetic algorithm software GOLD 5.2. We found that the interventional treatment with the A₂A receptor agonist CGS 21680 reversed silica particle-induced airway hyper-reactivity as revealed by increased responses of airway resistance and lung elastance following aerosolized methacholine. LASSBio-897 (2 and 5 mg/kg, oral) similarly reversed pivotal lung pathol. features of silicosis in this model, reducing levels of airway resistance and lung elastance, granuloma formation and collagen deposition. In competition assays, LASSBio-897 decreased the binding of the selective A₂A receptor agonist [³H]-CGS21680 (IC₅₀ D 9.3μM). LASSBio-897 (50μM) induced modest cAMP production in HEK293G cells, but it clearly synergized the cAMP production by adenosine in a mechanism sensitive to the A₂A antagonist SCH 58261. This synergism was also seen in CHO cells expressing the A₂A, but not those expressing A₂B, A₁ or A₃ receptors. Based on the evidence that LASSBio-897 binds to A₂A receptor, mol. docking studies were performed using the A₂A receptor crystal structure and revealed possible binding modes of LASSBio-897 at the orthosteric and allosteric sites. These findings highlight LASSBio- 897 as a lead compound in drug development for silicosis, emphasizing the role of the A₂A receptor as its putative site of action. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Application of 24386-93-4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Application of 24386-93-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Cytotoxic effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells: implication for targeted therapy was written by Sengupta, Tapas K.;Leclerc, Gilles M.;Kinser, Ting Ting Hsieh;Leclerc, Guy J.;Singh, Inderjit;Barredo, Julio C.. And the article was included in Molecular Cancer in 2007.Recommanded Product: 24386-93-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common hematol. malignancy affecting children. Despite significant progress and success in the treatment of ALL, a significant number of children continue to relapse and for them, outcome remains poor. Therefore, the search for novel therapeutic approaches is warranted. The aim of this study was to investigate the AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a potential target in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtypes characterized by non-random translocation signature profiles. We evaluated the effects of the AMPK activator AICAR on cell growth, cell cycle regulators and apoptosis of various childhood ALL cells. Results: We found that treatment with AICAR inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest in G1-phase, and apoptosis in CCRF-CEM (T-ALL), NALM6 (Bp-ALL), REH (Bp-ALL, TEL/AML1) and SupB15 (Bp-ALL, BCR/ABL) cells. These effects were abolished by treatment with the adenosine kinase inhibitor 5′-iodotubericidin prior to addition of AICAR indicating that AICAR’s cytotoxicity is mediated through AMPK activation. Moreover, we determined that growth inhibition exerted by AICAR was associated with activation of p38-MAPK and increased expression of the cell cycle regulators p27 and p53. We also demonstrated that AICAR mediated apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway as revealed by the release of cytochrome C and cleavage of caspase 9. Addnl., AICAR treatment resulted in phosphorylation of Akt suggesting that activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway may represent a compensatory survival mechanism in response to apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest. Combined treatment with AICAR and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin resulted in additive antiproliferative activity ALL cells. Conclusion: AICAR-mediated AMPK activation was found to be a proficient cytotoxic agent in ALL cells and the mechanism of its anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect appear to be mediated via activation of p38-MAPK pathway, increased expression of cell cycle inhibitory proteins p27 and p53, and downstream effects on the mTOR pathway, hence exhibiting therapeutic potential as a mol. target for the treatment of childhood ALL. Therefore, activation of AMPK by AICAR represents a novel approach to targeted therapy, and suggests a role for AICAR in combination therapy with inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways for the treatment of childhood in ALL. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Recommanded Product: 24386-93-4).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Recommanded Product: 24386-93-4

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Screening of breast cancer stem cell inhibitors using a protein kinase inhibitor library was written by Choi, Hack Sun;Kim, Dal-Ah;Chung, Heesung;Park, In Ho;Kim, Bo Hye;Oh, Eok-Soo;Kang, Duk-Hee. And the article was included in Cancer Cell International in 2017.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation in tumors, are known to cause drug resistance, tumor recurrence and metastasis. Based on the characteristic formation of mammospheres in in vitro conditions, the mammosphere formation assay has become an essential tool for quantifying CSC activity in breast cancer research. However, manual counting of mammospheres is a time-consuming process that is not amenable to high-throughput screening, and there are occasional inaccuracies in the process of determining the mammosphere diameter In this study, we proposed a novel automated counting method of mammosphere using the National Institute of Standards and Technol. (NIST)’s Integrated Colony Enumerator (NICE) with a screening of protein kinase library. Methods: Human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used for evaluation of tumor sphere efficiency, migration, and phenotype transition. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, and CSCs were identified by an anal. of CD44 expression and ALDEFLUOR assay using flow cytometry. Automated counting of mammosphere using NICE program was performed with a comparison to the result of manual counting. After identification of inhibitors to ameliorate CSC formation by screening a library of 79 protein kinase inhibitors using automated counting in primary, secondary and tertiary mammosphere assay, the effect of selected kinase inhibitors on migration, colony formation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MCF-7 cells was investigated. Results: Automated counting of mammosphere using NICE program was an easy and less time-consuming process (<1 min for reading 6-well plate) which provided a comparable result with manual counting. Inhibition of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Janus kinase-3 (JAK-3), and IκB kinase (IKK) were identified to decrease the formation of MCF-7-derived CSCs in primary, secondary and tertiary mammosphere assay. These protein kinase inhibitors alleviated TGF-β1-induced migration, colony formation and EMT of MCF-7 cells. Conclusions: We have developed a novel automated cell-based screening method which provided an easy, accurate and reproducible way for mammosphere quantification. This study is the first to show the efficacy of an automated medium-throughput mammosphere-counting method in CSC-related research with an identification of protein kinase inhibitors to ameliorate CSC formation. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol).

(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 24386-93-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. THF (Tetrahydrofuran) is also used as a starting material for the synthesis of poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMG), etc.Safety of (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-Amino-5-iodo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19:a meta-analysis was written by Wen, Wen;Chen, Chen;Tang, Jiake;Wang, Chunyi;Zhou, Mengyun;Cheng, Yongran;Zhou, Xiang;Wu, Qi;Zhang, Xingwei;Feng, Zhanhui;Wang, Mingwei;Mao, Qin. And the article was included in Annals of Medicine (Abingdon, United Kingdom) in 2022.Recommanded Product: 2492423-29-5 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Meta-anal. of efficacy and safety of three new oral antiviral treatment (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) for COVID-19. BackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic has not been completely controlled. Although great achievements have been made in COVID-19 research and many antiviral drugs have shown good therapeutic effects against COVID-19, a simple oral antiviral drug for COVID-19 has not yet been developed. We conducted a meta-anal. to investigate the improvement in mortality or hospitalization rates and adverse events among COVID-19 patients with three new oral antivirals (including molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid). MethodsWe searched scientific and medical databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library for relevant articles and screened the references of retrieved studies on COVID-19. ResultsA total of eight studies were included in this study. The drug group included 2440 COVID-19 patients, including 54 patients who died or were hospitalized. The control group included a total of 2348 COVID-19 patients, including 118 patients who died or were hospitalized. The overall odds ratio (OR) of mortality or hospitalization was 0.33 (95confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.49) for COVID-19 patients in the drug group and placebo group, indicating that oral antiviral drugs were effective for COVID-19 patients and reduced the mortality or hospitalization by approx. 67. ConclusionsThis study showed that three novel oral antivirals (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) are effective in reducing the mortality and hospitalization rates in patients with COVID-19. In addition, the three oral drugs did not increase the occurrence of adverse events, thus exhibiting good overall safety. These three oral antiviral drugs are still being studied, and the available data suggest that they will bring new hope for COVID-19 recovery and have the potential to be a breakthrough and very promising treatment for COVID-19. KEY MESSAGESMany antiviral drugs have shown good therapeutic effects, and there is no simple oral antiviral drug for COVID-19 patients. Meta-anal. was conducted for three new oral antivirals to evaluate the improvement in mortality or hospitalization rates and adverse events among COVID-19 patients. We focussed on three new oral Coronavirus agents (molnupiravir, fluvoxamine and Paxlovid) and hope to provide guidance for the roll-out of oral antivirals. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Recommanded Product: 2492423-29-5).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. It is more basic than diethyl ether and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.Recommanded Product: 2492423-29-5

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

Molnupiravir for oral treatment of Covid-19 in nonhospitalized patients was written by Bernal, A. Jayk;da Silva, M. M. Gomes;Musungaie, D. B.;Kovalchuk, E.;Gonzalez, A.;Reyes, V. Delos;Martin-Quiros, A.;Caraco, Y.;Williams-Diaz, A.;Brown, M. L.;Du, J.;Pedley, A.;Assaid, C.;Strizki, J.;Grobler, J. A.;Shamsuddin, H. H.;Tipping, R.;Wan, H.;Paschke, A.;Butterton, J. R.;Johnson, M. G.;De Anda, C.. And the article was included in New England Journal of Medicine in 2022.Quality Control of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate The following contents are mentioned in the article:

Background New treatments are needed to reduce the risk of progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Molnupiravir is an oral, small-mol. antiviral prodrug that is active against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), methods and phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment with molnupiravir started within 5 days after the onset of signs or symptoms in nonhospitalized, unvaccinated adults with mild-to-moderate, laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 and at least one risk factor for severe Covid-19 illness was conducted. Participants in the trial were randomly assigned to receive 800 mg of molnupiravir or placebo twice daily for 5 days. The primary efficacy end point was the incidence hospitalization or death at day 29; the incidence of adverse events was the primary safety end point. A planned interim anal. was performed when 50% of 1550 participants (target enrollment) had been followed through day 29. A total of 1433 participants underwent randomization; 716 were assigned to receive molnupiravir and 717 to receive placebo. With the exception of an imbalance in sex, baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. The superiority of molnupiravir was demonstrated at the interim anal.; the risk of hospitalization for any cause or death through day 29 was lower with molnupiravir (28 of 385 participants [7.3%]) than with placebo (53 of 377 [14.1%]) (difference, -6.8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -11.3 to -2.4; P = 0.001). In the anal. of all participants who had undergone randomization, the percentage of participants who were hospitalized or died through day 29 was lower in the molnupiravir group than in the placebo group (6.8% [48 of 709] vs. 9.7% [68 of 699]; difference, -3.0 percentage points; 95% CI, -5.9 to -0.1). Results of subgroup analyses were largely consistent with these overall results; in some subgroups, such as patients with evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, those with low baseline viral load, and those with diabetes, the point estimate for the difference favored placebo. One death was reported in the molnupiravir group and 9 were reported in the placebo group through day 29. Adverse events were reported in 216 of 710 participants (30.4%) in the molnupiravir group and 231 of 701 (33.0%) in the placebo group. conclusions Early treatment with molnupiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization or death in at-risk, unvaccinated adults with Covid-19. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5Quality Control of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Solid acid catalysis, and the advantages often associated with their use, have been proved equally efficient for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurans or furans. It is more basic than diethyl ether and forms stronger complexes with Li+, Mg2+, and boranes. It is a popular solvent for hydroboration reactions and for organometallic compounds such as organolithium and Grignard reagents.Quality Control of ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem

In silico evaluation of food-derived carotenoids against SARS-CoV -2 drug targets: Crocin is a promising dietary supplement candidate for COVID -19 was written by Mujwar, Somdutt;Sun, Lei;Fidan, Ozkan. And the article was included in Journal of Food Biochemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C13H19N3O7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:

The current COVID-19 pandemic is severely threatening public healthcare systems around the globe. Some supporting therapies such as remdesivir, favipiravir, and ivermectin are still under the process of a clin. trial, it is thus urgent to find alternative treatment and prevention options for SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, although many natural products have been tested and/or suggested for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19, carotenoids as an important class of natural products were underexplored. The dietary supplementation of some carotenoids was already suggested to be potentially effective in the treatment of COVID-19 due to their strong antioxidant properties. In this study, we performed an in silico screening of common food-derived carotenoids against druggable target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 including main protease, helicase, replication complex, spike protein and its mutants for the recent variants of concern, and ADP-ribose phosphatase. Mol. docking results revealed that some of the carotenoids had low binding energies toward multiple receptors. Particularly, crocin had the strongest binding affinity (-10.5 kcal/mol) toward the replication complex of SARS-CoV-2 and indeed possessed quite low binding energy scores for other targets as well. The stability of crocin in the corresponding receptors was confirmed by mol. dynamics simulations. Our study, therefore, suggests that carotenoids, especially crocin, can be considered an effective alternative therapeutics and a dietary supplement candidate for the prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Practical applications : In this study, food-derived carotenoids as dietary supplements have the potential to be used for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Using in silico techniques, we aimed at discovering food-derived carotenoids with inhibitory effects against multiple druggable sites of SARS-CoV-2. Mol. docking experiments against main protease, helicase, replication complex, spike protein and its mutants for the recent variants of concern, and ADP-ribose phosphatase resulted in a few carotenoids with multitarget inhibitory effects. Particularly, crocin as one of the main components of saffron exhibited strong binding affinities to the multiple drug targets including main protease, helicase, replication complex, mutant spike protein of lineage B.1.351, and ADP-ribose phosphatase. The stability of the crocin complexed with these drug targets was further confirmed through mol. dynamics simulations. Overall, our study provides the preliminary data for the potential use of food-derived carotenoids, particularly crocin, as dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as ((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5COA of Formula: C13H19N3O7).

((2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-((Z)-4-(hydroxyimino)-2-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl isobutyrate (cas: 2492423-29-5) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofuran and dihydrofuran form the basic structural unit of many naturally occurring scaffolds like gambieric acid A and ciguatoxin, goniocin, and some biologically active molecules. Commercial tetrahydrofuran contains substantial water that must be removed for sensitive operations, e.g. those involving organometallic compounds. Although tetrahydrofuran is traditionally dried by distillation from an aggressive desiccant, molecular sieves are superior.COA of Formula: C13H19N3O7

Referemce:
Tetrahydrofuran – Wikipedia,
Tetrahydrofuran | (CH2)3CH2O – PubChem