Testing nucleoside analogues as inhibitors of Bacillus anthracis spore germination in vitro and in macrophage cell culture was written by Alvarez, Zadkiel; Lee, Kyungae; Abel-Santos, Ernesto. And the article was included in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy on December 31,2010.Product Details of 550-33-4 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Bacillus anthracis, the etiol. agent of anthrax, has a dormant stage in its life cycle known as the endospore. When conditions become favorable, spores germinate and transform into vegetative bacteria. In inhalational anthrax, the most fatal manifestation of the disease, spores enter the organism through the respiratory tract and germinate in phagosomes of alveolar macrophages. Germinated cells can then produce toxins and establish infection. Thus, germination is a crucial step for the initiation of pathogenesis. B. anthracis spore germination is activated by a wide variety of amino acids and purine nucleosides. Inosine and L-alanine are the two most potent nutrient germinants in vitro. Recent studies have shown that germination can be hindered by isomers or structural analogs of germinants. 6-Thioguanosine (6-TG), a guanosine analog, is able to inhibit germination and prevent B. anthracis toxin-mediated necrosis in murine macrophages. In this study, we screened 46 different nucleoside analogs as activators or inhibitors of B. anthracis spore germination in vitro. These compounds were also tested for their ability to protect the macrophage cell line J774a.1 from B. anthracis cytotoxicity. Structure-activity relationship anal. of activators and inhibitors clarified the binding mechanisms of nucleosides to B. anthracis spores. In contrast, no structure-activity relationships were apparent for compounds that protected macrophages from B. anthracis-mediated killing. However, multiple inhibitors additively protected macrophages from B. anthracis. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4Product Details of 550-33-4).
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diol (cas: 550-33-4) belongs to tetrahydrofuran derivatives. Tetrahydrofurans and furans are important oxygen-containing heterocycles that often exhibit interesting properties for biological applications or applications in the cosmetic industry. Oxidations have also proved to be valuable and efficient approaches to chiral tetrahydrofuran derivatives.Product Details of 550-33-4
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